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阅读理解 专题训练(一)------阅读中的猜词技巧(5)------对比法
◆ 方法点拨
有的文章作者为了增加表达效果，会用一对反义词揭示事物的不同点，形成鲜亮的对比，这时只要把握其中的一词，就不难推出另一词的含义；有时依据上下句之间表示转折或对比关系的连接词，就可以看到前后句在意义上的差别，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。这种句子多半有unlike，although，but，yet，while，on the contrary，on the other hand，instead of，rather than等信息词。另外，分号也可以表示转折、对比的意义。如：
(1)Is he intelligent or stupid?
(2)Unlike his brother，who is truly a handsome person，Hogertty is quite homely.
1．解析：依据stupid可推断出intelligent的意思为“聪慧的”。
答案：聪慧的
2．解析：此句中的unlike一词示意了Hogertty和他的兄弟的长相不同，他的兄弟是个handsome(英俊的)人，所以Hogertty肯定是一个homely (不英俊)的人。
答案：不英俊的
◆ 活学活用
(一)利用上述猜想词义方法，猜出下列各句划线部分的意思
1．Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population，Japan's population is quite homogeneous.
2．Any fool can make soap，but it takes a genius to sell it.
3．Andrew is one of the most supercilious man I brother，in contrast，is quite humble and modest.
4．A good supervisor can recognize instantly the adept workers from the unskilled ones.
5．Mother was tall，fat and middle­ principal of the school was an older woman，almost as plump as mother，and much shorter.( )
A．healthy B．thin
C．slim D．fat
(一)
1．解析：与many different nationalities相反，故为“单一民族的”。
答案：单一民族的
2．解析：由but可知genius是与fool(蠢才)相对的，由此推想其意为“有才能的人”、“天才”。
答案：有才能的人，天才
3．解析：in contrast 提示我们supercilious与 humble and modest是对比关系，由此可以猜出其意义。
答案：目空一切，傲慢的
4．解析：通读全句不难看出，说话者是把娴熟工人与非娴熟工人进行对比，由此可知adept的词义是“娴熟的”。
答案：娴熟的
5．解析：作者把学校的校长和他的母亲相比，其中older对应middle­aged，shorter对应tall，所以plump对应fat。
答案：D。
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It' s an endless cultural lesson that' s been craved into our heads since we were children, watching cartoons such as "The Flintstones"（摩登原始人） and playing with Barbie dolls: If you are a woman, you should be extremely thin; if you are a man, you should be big and strong．
And while we've grown accustomed to research finding that such stereotypes （固有观点） play a part in the workplace —obese women, for example, have a harder time climbing up the career stairway —a recent study has found that a worker' s body size can have a big effect on the size of his or her pay envelope．
The study found that obese people were identified as "undisciplined, dishonest and less likely to do creative work．"
On the contrary, the researchers point out that employers and fellow employees associate values of self-discipline, hard work and confidence with thin people．
Experts say it' s just another sign that as a society, we've fixed into our heads the unrealistic, media-driven physical ideals that show up in the workplace —and therefore the wallet．
The researchers say that employers don' t purposely think of these things when they' re evaluating a person．Much of the problem is the result of unconscious decisions based on deep-rooted social stereotypes．
It' s no secret that the mass media have much to do with what decides the image our society finds pleasing and acceptable．
TV shows such as "Mad Men" and "NCIS" present powerful men with a very cool look．'Cougar Town" on the other hand, celebrates skinny career woman Jules Cobb, a successful businessman who claims she' s never eaten real ice cream because she' s so concerned about her weight．
The researchers suggest that employers look at their assumptions about employees' weight, because
they may be rooted in discrimination．
An employment lawyer, Marshall Tanick, will be leading a conference this spring on how weight and attractiveness relate to unfair treatment, especially salaries in the workplace．
Nationally, there have been few claims, the lawyer said．Some cases have simply not been very solid , he said, and some employees have been too embarrassed to follow through with a case．In addition, discrimination cases are generally tough to win, because so much is subjective．
" That would be an uphill battle," he said．
72．According to the body-size stereotypes we can infer that ______．
A．an extremely thin woman is unacceptable
B．an obese person tends to be hard-working
C．an attractive person tends to get higher salary
D．a strong man is suitable for tough work
73．We can conclude from the passage that the body-size stereotypes ______．
A．are formed through constant influence of media
B．have become quite unacceptable to people
C．result from people' s unconscious responses
D．are playing an important role in people' s daily life
74．The lawyer said the underlined words at the end of the passage because ______．
A．people are unaware of the size-discrimination
B．stereotypes influence people' s judgment in size-discrimination cases
C．the employers wouldn't abandon their unfair treatment
D．evidences are hard to obtain in a size-discrimination case
75．What' s the best possible title for the passage?
A．An Unwinning Uphill Battle．
B．When it comes to salary, body size matters．
C．Say "No" to Size-Discrimination．
D．How Social Stereotypes make a difference to us．
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A
Millions of girls grow up with the hope of becoming a famous singer. Some even win local talent competitions as children, but only a few such early successes and dreams turn into reality. Jessica Andrews is one of the few whose dreams have come true.
Andrews, first taste of success came at the age of 10. She won a talent competition in her home town of Huntingdon, Tennessee, singing I Will Always Love You, originally sung by Whitney Houston. Houston's version of the song appeared on The Bodyguard sound track, which happened to be the first album Andrews ever bought. Within two years, talk of Andrews had spread to Nashville and caught the attention of producer Byron Gallimore, whose credits include work with Tim McGraw, Faith Hill, and Jo Dee Messina.
With Gallimore signed on to produce, Andrews soon had a recording contract (合同)with Dream Works' Nashville label.
Andrews' professional career was launched with 1999's Heart Shaped World, recorded when she was 14 years old. The album included the country hit I Will Be There For You, which also appeared on The Prince Of Egypt. She followed up the release of the album by touring as a support act for such country superstars as Faith Hill and Trisha Yearwood.
With the release of 2001’s Who I Am, Andrews became a star in her own right. The album was certified (证明）gold for sales of 500,000 copies. Andrews returned in April 2003 with Now，an album that she promised would show a new side of the young artist. "This album has a very different feeling for me," she said. "It's a lot more personal and there's a confidence that wasn't quite there on the first two. I feel especially connected to this group of songs."
56. What's the meaning of the underlined word “launched”in the fourth paragraph?
A. Aimed.   B. Sent.   C. Started.   D. Set.
57. Which of the following statements is WRONG according to the passage?
A. The Bodyguard was the first album Andrews ever bought.
B. After Andrews sang
Who I Am，she became a star in her own right.
C. I Will Always Love You was originally sung by Whitney Houston.
D. Now expresses a new feeling of Andrews.
58. Which of the following may NOT be Andrews' album?
A. Now.   B. Heart Shaped World. C. The Prince of Egypt. D. Who I Am.
59. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?
A. Jessica Andrews' Life   B. Jessica Andrews' Dream
C. Jessica Andrews' Songs   D. Jessica Andrews' Success as a Singer
参考答案56-59 CBCD
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阅读文章------5
An altimeter(测高计)is an instrument used in an airplane to tell the pilot how high he is altimeter used in most airplanes is a kind of barometer(气压计)，which，like barometers found in ordinary homes，is a measuring instrument for air weight of the atmosphere presses downwards sea level this pressure is more than 14 pounds on every square inch of the higher you go into the air，the lower the air pressure altimeter measures this air pressure to show the altitude of the airplane，or，how high it is above the sea level.
But the altimeter does not show how high the plane is above the plane might be flying at an altitude of 15 000 feet，but it would be only a thousand feet or so above the ground if the land in that area happened to be 14 000 feet above sea level.
The pilot adjusts his altimeter to the actual sea­level pressure before setting out from the airport and then corrects it in flight according to new information given to him by flies high enough to be above any mountain he may pass on his barometer altimeter is correct within about 300 feet.
Another kind of altimeter，the radio altimeter，makes use of radio calculates the height of the flying plane by sending out electrical signals to the surface below and measuring the time required for them to bounce back(反弹)．It is correct within 15 feet over water，but is not reliable over planes usually have both kinds of altimeter.
Title：
An instrument used in an airplane to tell the pilot the craft.
The radio altimeter
How it works
By to show the altitude of the airplane，or the height above sea level.
By giving out the surface below and measuring the time required for to bounce back.
How to 8．______
Adjust it to the actual sea­level pressure before the plane .
Correct it in flight according to new information.
/
Requirements
Within
Within 15 feet over water
参考答案------5
1．An/The altimeter；Altimeters altitude
barometer altimeter air pressure
7．electrical signals
off/leaves the airport 300 feet
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【阅读文章简答题】(二)
Bill Gates was born on October 28th, and his two sisters grew up in father，William H．Gates Ⅱ，was a Seattle Gates，their late mother，was a school teacher.
Gates attended public elementary school before moving on to the private Lakeside School in North was at Lakeside that Gates began his career in personal computer software，programming computers at age 13.
In 1973，Gates entered Harvard University as a freshman，where he lived down the hall from Steve Ballmer，who is now Microsoft's at Harvard，Gates developed a version(版本)of the programming language BASIC for the first microcomputer—the MITS his junior year，Gates dropped out of Harvard to devote his energies full­time to Microsoft，a company he had started in 1975 with his boyhood friend Paul by a belief that the personal computer would be a valuable tool on every office desktop and in every home，they began developing software for personal computers.
Gates' foresight has led to the success of Microsoft and the software plays an important role in the technical development of new of his time is devoted to meeting with customers and staying in touch with Microsoft employees around the world through e­mail.
In the dozen years since Microsoft went public，Gates has donated more than $ 800 million to charities(慈善机构)，including $ 200 million to the Gates Library Foundation to help libraries in North America make use of new technologies and the Information Age.
1．What does the underlined word “donated” in the last paragraph mean？(No more than 1 word)
________________________________________________________________________
2．How does Gates spend much of his time？(No more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________
3．Why did he drop out of Harvard？(No more than 8 words)
________________________________________________________________________