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Ⅰ.单项填空
1．(2021·江西九校联考)If you don't like the school lunch, you have the ________ of bring your own.
A．selection B．choice
C．alternative D．election
答案：C 考查名词词义。句意：假如你不宠爱学校的午饭，你可以带你自己的。alternative常指在两者之间做出选择；selection“选拔”；choice指一般意义上的选择；selection“选举”。
2．(2021·阜阳高三质检)________ what they say about me, I'm going to continue my work.
A．In terms of B．Regardless of
C．Instead of D．In favor of
答案：B 考查介词短语。句意：不顾他们对我的指训练点，我将连续我的工作。regardless of“不顾；不管”，与句意相符。in terms of“依据；依据”；instead of“代替”；in favor of“赞同”。
3．(2021·青岛高三质检)—What's your feeling now?
—I am terribly sorry. If only I ________ here yesterday!
A．came B．would have come
C．have come D．had come
答案：D 考查if only的用法。if only“要是……就好了”；由时间状语yesterday来看，这是对过去所发生事情的虚拟，所以用过去完成时。
4．(2021·潍坊高三质检)The escaped prisoner got ________ immediately he turned up at the railway station and was sent to prison again.
A．to arrest B．arresting
C．arrested D．to be arrested
答案：C “get＋过去分词”构成被动语态。句意：逃犯一毁灭在火车站就被逮捕，并再度被送进监狱。
5．(2021·南宁高三质检)A project ________ great significance is to be discussed, which will help to improve the local people's living conditions.
A．of B．for
C．in D．on
答案：A be of great significance“有重大意义；格外重要”。
6．(2021·江西六校联考)—Was the driving pleasant when you went to Mexico last summer?
—No, it ________ for four days when we arrived, so the roads were very muddy.
A．was raining B．had been raining
C．would be raining D．rained
答案：B 考查时态。答句句意：在我们到达之前下了四天的雨，道路特殊泥泞。表示在过去某一动作之前始终在进行，并有可能连续下去的动作，用过去完成进行时。
7．(2021·曲阜模拟)—How about driving to the seaside for a picnic tomorrow?
—________， but I promised to visit Grandma.
A．No way B．Sounds great
C．My pleasure D．No, I can't
答案：B sounds great“听起来不错”，表示认可对方的建议。回答对方提出的建议时，出于礼貌，应先表示同意对方的意见。假如无法按对方的建议去做，常用but提出自己的困难。
8．(2021·江西师大附中月考)________ that we can't get the necessary equipment, we will have to give up the experiment.
A．To assume B．Assumed
C．Assumes D．Assuming
答案：D 句意：假如我们得不到必要的设备，我们将不得不放弃这个试验。assuming表示“假定；设想”，引导条件状语从句，相当于if。具有相同用法的词还有supposing，regarding，given等。
9．(2021·兰州高三质检)It was reported that his speech was repeatedly ________ by thunderous applauses.
A．interrupted B．disturbed
C．interpreted D．indicated
答案：A 考查动词词义。句意：据报道，他的演讲多次被雷鸣般的掌声中断。interrupt“打断；中止”，符合句意。
10．(2021·诸城高三质检)We should ________ the whole work instead of concentrating only on some single parts; after all, it is well done as a whole.
A．analyze B．organize
C．focus D．refer
答案：A 考查动词词义。句意：我们应当从整体来分析工作，而不是将留意力仅仅集中于某些孤立的部分；到底，总体上做得不错。analyze“分析”；organize“组织”；focus“聚焦”；refer“把……提交；参考”。
11．(2021·江西九江联考)Every day a number of tourists take pictures in front of the tower, which ________ as early as 800 years ago.
A．dates back to
B．is dated back
C．dates back from
D．was dated from
答案：A 句意：每天都有很多游客在这座可追溯到800年前的塔前拍照。短语date back to相当于date from，意为“追溯到；始于”。两者通常与过去的时间状语连用，但多用于一般现在时。
12．(2021·山东寿光一中模拟)—Johnson, I owe you a thank­you for all your help.
—________.
A．If you want it B．Don't mention it
C．That's it D．Got it
答案：B 考查交际用语。句意：“约翰逊，感谢你给我的全部挂念。”“不用客气。”Don't mention it“不用客气”，符合语境。
13．(2021·邯郸高三质检)After many years' hard work, she now is ________ at playing almost all kinds of music.
A．pleased B．satisfied
C．skilful D．disappointed
答案：C 考查形容词词义。句意：很多年的辛勤努力之后，她现在几乎能娴熟地表演各种音乐。be skilful at“擅长于……”；be pleased at“对……感到满足”；be disappointed at“对……无望”。
14．(2021·抚顺市一联)The headmaster hurried to the concert hall only ________ the speaker ________.
A．to find；left B．to find；gone
C．finding；left D．finding；gone
答案：B 考查非谓语动词。句意：校长匆忙赶往音乐厅，结果却发觉主持人已经走了。第一空only后接不定式表示出乎意料的结果，意为
“结果却……”；其次空可以用gone或者had left。
15．(2021·南宁高三质检)—Where is Mother?
—She is in the kitchen. She ________ the housework all morning.
A．is doing B．was doing
C．has done D．has been doing
答案：D 考查动词时态。句意表示母亲一上午都在做家务，现在仍在厨房做，故应用现在完成进行时表示从过去至今始终在持续的动作。
Ⅱ.阅读理解
A
(2021·西安市一模)
Archaeology, like many academic words, comes from Greek and means, more or less, “the study of old things”. So, it is really a part of the study of history. However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago. Normally, these are the hard materials that don't break down or disappear very quickly—things like human bones and objects made from stone and metal.
It is very unusual to find anything more than the hard evidence of history—normally, the bacteria in the air eat away at soft materials, like bodies, clothes and things made of wood. Occasionally, things are different.
In 1984, two men made an amazing discovery while working in a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England. A bog is a very wet area of earth, with a lot of plants growing in it. It can be like a very big and very thick vegetable soup—walk in the wrong place and you can sink and disappear forever. The men were working when one of them saw something sticking out—a human foot! Naturally, the men called the police, who then found the rest of the body. Was it a case of murder? Possibly—but it was a death nearly two thousand years old. The two men had found a body from the time of the Roman invasion of Britain. Despite being so old, this body had skin, muscles, hair and internal organs—the scientists who examined him were able to look inside the man's stomach and find the food that he had eaten for his last meal!
Why was this man so well preserved? It was because he was in a very watery environment, safe from the bacteria that need oxygen to live. Also, the water in the bog was very acidic. The acid preserved the man's skin in the way that animal skin is preserved for leather coats and shoes.
How did he die? Understandably, archaeologists and other scientists wanted to know more about the person that they called “Lindow Man”. His hands and fingernails suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life—he could have been a rich man. They found that he hadn't died by accident. The archaeologists believe that he was sacrificed to three different gods.
文章大意：本文是一篇关于考古发觉的记叙文，文中简要介绍了“Lindow Man”被发觉并争辩的过程。
1．The underlined word “these” in the first paragraph refers to ________.
A．letters B．photographs
C．paintings D．objects
答案：D 指代推断题。依据上文“but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind”可知，此处的these指代的是the objects。故答案选D。
2．Which of the following helped to preserve “Lindow Man”？
A．Ice and low temperature
B．Acid and water
C．Soil and energy
D．Bacteria and oxygen
答案：B 细节理解题。依据文章第四段可知，起到疼惜作用的一是“watery environment”，二是“acid”。故答案选B。
3．According to the passage, which of the following statements is right?
A．“Lindow Man” was named after the person who first found him.
B．Historians usually use paper evidence, while archaeologists use hard evidence.
C．“Lindow Man” was found by two archaeologists in the south of England.
D．“Lindow Man” was good at work by hand.
答案：B 细节理解题。依据第一段第三句“However, most historians use paper evidence, such as letters, paintings and photographs, but archaeologists learn from the objects left behind by the humans of long ago.”可知B项正确。依据第三段第一句中的“a bog called Lindow Moss, in the north of England”可知A、C两项错误；依据最终一段第三句中的“... suggested that he hadn't done heavy manual work in his life”可知D项错误。故答案选B。
4．Which is the best title for the passage?
A．An Amazing Archaeological Discovery
B．Archaeology and History
C．What Is Archaeology?
D．The Death of “Lindow Man”
答案：A 标题概括题。本文主要介绍了“Lindow Man”被发觉争辩的过程。故答案选A。
B
(2021·南昌市二模)
Parents say that honesty is the best policy, but they regularly lie to their children as a way of influencing their behavior and emotions, finds new research from the University of Toronto and the University of California.
Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying, so Gail Heyman, professor of psychology at the University of California, Diem Luu, a former student of the University of California, and Kang Lee, professor at the University Toronto, set out to explore the under­researched phenomenon. They asked US participants in two related studies about parents lying to their children—either for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.
In one of the studies, many parents reported they told their young children that bad things would happen if they didn't go to bed or eat what they were supposed to. Other parents reported inventing magical creatures. One explained, “We told our daughter that if she wrapped up all her pacifiers (橡皮奶嘴) like gifts, the fair would come and give them to the children who needed them.”
In the other study, the researchers surveyed college students' recollections about their parents' lying and obtained similar results: parents often lie to their children even as they tell them that lying is unacceptable.
The researchers refer to this practice as “parenting by lying”. “We are surprised by how often parenting by lying takes place，” said LEE. Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.
“Children sometimes behave in ways that are disruptive or are likely to harm their long­term interests，” said Heyman. “It is common for them to try out a range of strategies, including lying, to stop them. However, parents should be concerned about the possible long­term negative consequences to children's beliefs about honesty.”
文章大意：本文是一篇说明文。父母常训练孩子要恳切，但他们自己有时却对孩子撒谎。争辩人员就此现象进行了调研，并且提出家长应当考虑到对孩子经常说谎可能会造成的长期的负面影响的结论，并建议家长考虑一些其他的训练方法。
5．The subject of parental lying ________.
A．was not allowed to be researched in the past
B．attracts little attention because it is common
C．hasn't got many published results about it
D．is becoming more and more popular
答案：C 细节理解题。依据其次段第一句中“Surprisingly little has been published on the subject of parental lying”可知，对于父母撒谎的行为很少有报道。故C项正确。
6．The study of Gai Heyman, Diem Luu and Kang Lee was focused on parents' lies that ________.
A．aim to cover their mistakes
B．lead children to hate them
C．aim to give children a positive influence
D．make children get used to lying
答案：C 细节理解题。依据其次段最终一句中“They asked US participants in two related studies about... for the purpose of promoting appropriate behavior or to make them happy.”可知，父母说谎的缘由本是想给孩子带来乐观的影响。故C项正确。
7．What does Heyman think of parental lying?
A．It is a great parenting strategy.
B．Parents should think twice before using it.
C．It usually does more good than harm.
D．Parents should do something to make up for it after using it.
答案：B 细节理解题。依据倒数其次段“Though Heyman thinks that there are occasions when it is appropriate to be less than truthful with a child, she urges parents to think through the issues and consider alternatives before using lies.”可知，Heyman认为父母应当想清楚对孩子撒谎的问题，在撒谎之前要考虑一再。故B项正确。
8．Parents usually ________ when their young children don't go to bed properly.
A．turn off the bedroom lights and play some music
B．shout at them loudly
C．shut the door and let them alone
D．make up some magical creatures to let them believe
答案：D 细节理解题。依据第三段其次句“Other parents reported inventing magical creatures”可知，D项正确。