文档介绍：Understanding Earth
Fifth Edition
Chapter 3:
EARTH MATERIALS
Minerals and Rocks
Copyright © 2007 by W. H. Freeman pany
Grotzinger • Jordan • Press • Siever
Chapter 3
Earth Materials:
Minerals
and
Rocks
(地球的組成物質:
礦物與岩石)
About Earth Materials
All Earth materials posed of atoms
bound together.
(所有地球的組成物質皆由原子鍵結所組成)
Minerals posed of atoms bonded
together and are the building blocks of rocks.
(礦物為原子鍵結而成,而岩石為礦物集結而成)
Rocks posed of minerals and they
record various geologic processes.
(岩石中的組成礦物記錄不同的地質事件)
Lecture Outline
What are minerals? (何謂礦物?)
2. The atomic structure of matter (物質的原子構造)
3. Chemical reactions (化學反應)
4. Chemical bonds (化學鍵)
5. The atomic structure of minerals (礦物的原子構造)
6. Rock-forming minerals (造岩礦物)
7. Physical properties of minerals (礦物的物理性質)
Lecture Outline
8. What are rocks? (何謂岩石?)
9. Igneous rocks (火成岩)
10. Sedimentary rocks (沉積岩)
11. Metamorphic rocks (變質岩)
12. The rock cycle (岩石循環)
13. Minerals as valuable resources (礦物為有價
值的資源)
1. What are minerals?
Minerals are the building blocks of rocks.
(岩石是礦物的集合體)
What are minerals?
Geologists define a mineral as a naturally occurring, solid, crystalline substance, generally anic, with a specific position.
(地質學家的定義: 礦物是天然產生的固體結晶,無機的,有固定的化學組成)
What are minerals?
Naturally occurring = found in nature
(自然發生= 在自然界被發現)
Solid, crystalline substance = atoms are arranged in orderly patterns
(固體結晶物質= 原子有一定的排列方式)
Generally anic = not a product of living tissue
(通常是無機的= 並非由生物組織所產生)
With a specific chemical formula = unique position
(可用一定的化學分子式表示= 特定的化學組成)
2. The atomic structure of matter
(物質的原子構造)
The atom is the smallest unit of an element that retains the physical and chemical properties of that element.
(原子是元素的最小單位,其有著元素的物理和化學特性)
2. The atomic structure of matter
Atomic nucleus: protons and neutrons.
(原子核:質子與中子)
Electrons: cloud of moving particles surrounding the nucleus.
(電子:層狀圍繞原子核旋轉)
Example: the carbon atom (C)