文档介绍：试论英国文官制度的演进、特点及影响
摘要:英国是世界上最早建立文官制度的国家,它在1870年就确立了文官制度,到目前为止已经有140多年的历史。英国文官制度的形成和确立经历了长期、曲折和复杂的过程。文官制度的建立过程与英国的政治体制变化密切相关。17世纪中叶英国资产阶级革命前,英国是一个封建君主专制的国家,它的文官制度表现为“恩赐官职制”;英国资产阶级革命后,两党制日益成熟,它的文官制度表现为“政党分赃制”;第二次世界大战后,科学技术飞速发展,尤其是五六十年代,欧美等国发生了新技术革命,使政府的专业化程度日益加强,它的文官制度表现为“考试择优录用制”。现在英国的文官制度是1968年改革后的产物。本文仅对英国文官制度产生的过程、特点及影响进行论述,使我们从中有所借鉴。
关键词:英国;议会制度;恩赐官职制;政党分赃制;考试择优录取制
Abstract: Britain is the world's earliest national Civil Service, and in 1870 it established a Civil Service, so far has been 140 years of history. The formation and establishment of the British Civil Service has experienced a long, tortuous plicated process. The process of building of the Civil Service system and is closely related to the British political system change. The bourgeois revolution before in the Motivation of England in the 17th century, the United Kingdom is the country of a feudal monarchy, the Civil Service system performance “ conferring a title by the king”; the English bourgeois revolution, the two-party system has e more sophisticated, its Civil Service performance as “political parties sharing the spoils”. after World War II, the rapid development of science and technology, especially in the '50s and '60s, Europe and the United States and other countries of the new technological revolution, the increasing degree of specialization of the Government and the Civil Service system performance" selecting the best by the examination ”. The present British Civil Service is the production of the revolution in 1968. This article discusses the only process, characteristics and impact of the British Civil Service system, so what we have a reference for.
Key words: Britain; Civil Service; conferring a title by the king; political parties sharing the spoils; selecting the best by the examination
所谓文官制度,是指西方国家的政府,以法律为依据,以公开竞争考试为手段,以选拔国家部门常任官员或雇员为中心内容,并对各级文官分门别类进行管理的一系列的规章制度。英国是世界上最早建立文官制度的国家,它在1870年就确立了文官制度,到目前为止已经有140多年的历史。英国文官制度的形成和确立经历了长期、曲折和复杂的过程。它大致经历了“恩赐官职制”、“政党分赃制”和“考试择优录用制”等三个历史阶段。现