文档介绍：三. 分词(现在分词和过去分词)
1. 作表语时区别
The film being shown in the cinema is exciting.
The present situation is inspiring.
They were frightened at the sad sight.
He is interested in this book.
2. 作定语时区别
1)前置定语(现在分词表示主动或者动作正在进行;过去分词表示被动或者动作已经完成)
boiling water, boiled water;
falling leaves, fallen leaves
developing countries, developed countries; polluted air, spoken English
2) 后置定语
与所修饰的名词或代词是主动关系时,用现在分词 与所修饰的名词或代词是被动关系时,用过去分词
The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.
This is the house built several years ago.
The pen lying on the table belongs to you.
He is a teacher respected by all his students.
注意:to be done; being done; done 做后置定语的区别。
The building built last year is our library.
The building being built now is our library.
The building to be built next year is our library.
3. 作宾语补足语时区别
(主语+及物动词+宾语+宾补)
当宾语与宾补之间是主动关系时,可用现在分词
作宾语补足语,常见的接现在分词作宾补的动词有:
see, watch, hear, feel, notice, observe, find,
keep, leave, catch,have等
Can you hear her singing the song in the next room?
He kept the car waiting at the gate.
We had the fire burning all day.
当宾语与宾补之间是被动关系时,
用过去分词作宾语补足语
I heard the song sung several times last week.
I wish my homework finished before five o’clock.
He had his leg broken when he was playing football .
4. 作状语时区别
分词或分词短语作状语(相当于一个状语从句),说明句子动作发生的时间,原因,条件,结果,方式,伴随状态等等。
当分词和句子的主语是主动关系时,用现在分词作状语; 当分词和句子的主语是被动关系时,用过去分词作状语。
He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. (伴随)
Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.
(时间)
He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. (结果)
Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.
(条件)
Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of
his parents.
Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave.
Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.
分词的几点注意事项:
1. 分词作状语时,它的逻辑主语应和句子的主语是同一个主语。
2. 现在分词作状语时的两种形式
(一般式:doing 完成式: having done)
Hearing the bell, the students entered the classroom.
Having finished the course, we had an exam.
3. 分词是不能充当主语成份的。
Being exposed to sunlight