文档介绍：WELL STIMULATION TECHNIQUES
Opening up new channels in the rock for the oil
and gas to flow through is called stimulation.
Three stimulation treatments monly used:
explosives to break up the rock, injection of acid to
partially dissolve the rock, and hydraulic fracturing
to split the rock and prop it open with proppants.
TYPES OF FORMATION
FORMATION DAMAGE
ACIDIZATION
HYDRAULIC FRACTURING
WATER SHUT OFF/ INJECTION PROFILE
MODIFICATION
SAND CONTROL
COURSE OUTLINE
Types of formation rock
Sandstone
Sand grains cemented by silica / calcium
carbonate
Limestone
Composed mainly of carbonate
Shale
Clay mineral and quartz
Clay
Kaolinite, Montmorillonite, Illite, Chlorite
Sources of
Formation Damage
Formation damage may occur during
following operations
Drilling
Completion
Workover
Stimulation
Production
Water / Gas Injection
IOR / EOR
Formation Damage
Mechanisms
Fines Migration
Clay Swelling
Induced particle plugging
Asphaltene & Sludge deposition
Emulsion Block
Scale
Bacteria
Water Block
Wettability Alteration
Damagemechanism
Remedialmeasures
Particleinvasion/Filtercake
Matrixacidization,Perforation,
Hydraulicfracturing
Swellinganddispersionofindigenous
reservoirclaysbythemudfiltrate
Matrixacidization
Mutualprecipitationofsolublesaltsin
thefiltrateandformationwater
Matrixacidization
Slumpingofunconsolidatedsands
Sandconsolidation
techniques,FracandPack
Waterblock/Emulsionblock
Surfactanttreatment,Matrix
acidization
Origins of formation damage & remedies
Formation damage during drilling
Fracture
Plugging
Shallow
Matrix
Damage
Formation damage (drilling)
Filter
cake
Wellbore
Cross Section
Pore
Plugging
Damagemechanism
Remedialmeasures
Finesmigrationfromthecement
slurryintotheformation
Matrixacidization,Perforation,
Hydraulicfracturing
Precipitationofsolidsfromthe
cementwithintheformation
Matrixacidization,Perforation
Precipitationofsecondaryminerals
followingreservoirmineral
dissolution
Matrixacidization
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