文档介绍：The Definition of Culture
What is the definition of
culture?
Session Overview
The origin of the term “culture”
Some main definitions of culture
The characteristics of culture
文化,在汉语中是“人文教化”的简称。
“物相杂,故曰文。”《易·系辞下》
“化而为鸟,其名曰鹏”。《庄子·逍遥游》
“(刚柔交错),天文也。文明以止,人文也。观乎天文,以察时变;观乎人文,以化成天下。”《易·贲卦·象传》
文化的解剖结构
物质
精神
精神
精神
物质
制度
风俗****惯
思想与价值
社会关系
艺术
语言符号
风俗****惯
物质
制度
物质
Definitions from dictionaries
1. The cultivation of soil. 2. The raising, improvement, or development of some plant, animal or product (a pre-1960 Webster's ) .
"the training, development, and refinement of mind, tastes, and manners" (Oxford English Dictionary).
"The totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns, arts, beliefs, institutions, and all other products of human work and thought." (American Heritage English Dictionary )
Cultura (cultivation or tending, including, as in Cicero, cultura animi )
Colere (inhabit, cultivate, protect, honor with worship )
couture (husbandry, the tending of natural growth )
coulter -- ploughshare
culter L ,OE
culter, colter, coulter
Early times:
Process
lC18 and eC19
the tending of natural growth
process of human development
C18 Fr
culture :the matter being cultivated
mC18
civilization
lC18 Cultur C19 Kultur
eC16
文化的定义
一、描述性的定义
二、历史性定义
三、规范性定义
四、心理性的定义
五、结构性定义
六、遗传性定义
描述性的定义
“文化或文明是一个复杂的整体,它包括知识、信仰、艺术、法律、伦理道德、风俗和作为社会成员的人通过学****而获得的任何其他能力和****惯。”
泰勒
整体