文档介绍：非谓语动词的句法功能
形式成分
主语
宾语
补语
表语
定语
状语
不定式
√
√
√
√
√
√
动名词
√
√
√
√
分词
√
√
√
√
分词、不定式作宾语补足语的用法要点
分词、不定式作宾语补足语的区别
感官动词see,watch,observe,look at,hear,listen to,notice等和使役动词have后面的宾补有两种情况:①当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的主动关系时,需用动词原形(即不带to的不定式)及doing(现在分词一般主动式)。不带to的不定式表完成,doing形式表正在进行。②当宾语与宾语补足语之间存在逻辑上的被动关系时,需用过去分词级being done(现在分词一般被动式),过去分词表完成或没有一定的时间性,being done表正在进行。如:I hear her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)I hear her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)I heard an English song sung by her just now.(被动,完成)I heard an English song being sung by her when I passed her room yesterday.(被动,正在进行)I’d like to see the plan carried out.(被动,没有一定的时间性)I looked down at my neck and found my necklace gone.(不及物动词,状态)I was surprised to find my hometown changed so much.(不及物动词,完成)。
使役动词let后加复合宾语时,有两种情况:
①let+宾语+do 让……做……
②let+宾语+be done 让……碑座
leave后接非谓语动词作宾语补足语时,意为“使……处于某种状态”。
sb. doing (宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的主动关系,表示动作正在进行)
sth. Undone留下某事未做(宾语与宾语补足语之间是逻辑上的被动关系,表示被动和完成,一般以undone,unfinished,unsettled,untouched为多)
Leave sb. to do
sth. to be done留下某事要做(不定式表示将来的动作)
如:It’s wrong of you to leave the machine running.(主动,正在进行)The guests left most of the dished untouched.(被动,完成)He left,leaving me to do all the rest work.(主动,将来)We hurriedly ended our meeting,leaving many problems to be settled.(被动,将来)
have,get后可接动词不定式、现在分词、过去分词三种形式作