文档介绍：初级语法 Basic Grammar
词类 Parts of Speech
1. 词类(Parts of Speech)
英语可以分为以下10种词类(加粗的是词典中用的符号,后面括号中的词是英语全名)
(即人或事物的名称)- n. ( noun ) boy, dancer, flower, beauty, country
(用在名词前,帮助说明其意义)- art. ( article )
a, an, the
(表示动作或状态)- v. ( verb )
go, do, see, work, feel
(表示人或事物的特征)ad.( adjective ) good, easy, new, beautiful
(表示动作特征或性状特征)- adv. ( adverb ) beautifully, carefully, hard, up, very
(代替名词或数词)- pron. ( pronoun ) we, these, some, everybody, what
(表示数目或顺序)- num. ( numeral ) :
nine, fifty, third, twentieth
(用在名词、代词等前面,说明与别的词之间关系)
- prep. ( preposition ) in, on, from, through, for
(连接词与词或句与句)
- conj. ( conjunction )and, or, if, when, although
(表示说话时的感情或口气)
- int. ( interjection )
ah, well, wow, why
不定式前的to为小品词(particles)。yes和no 有人称为肯定词和
否定词,有的词典称之为副词。
练习(Exercise)
Tell the part of Speech of the following words
(用简写符号标出下面各词词类): 例:school ( n. )
1. difficulty ( ) 2. have ( ) 3. quietly ( )
4. who ( ) 5. big ( ) 6. forty ( )
7. take ( ) 8. careful ( ) 9. into ( )
10. carelessness ( )
答案:
1. n 2. v 3. adv 4. pron 5. adj 6. num 7. v 8. adj 9. prep 10. n
2. 一个词可以分为不同的词类
有些词仅属于一个词类,e为动词,beautiful 为
形容词。但绝大多数词都可以属于两种或多种词类,例如:
Let’s 。(go 用作动词)
I’d like to have a go at 。(go用作名词)
I haven’t seen him since 1998.
我1998 年以后就没见到他了。(since 作介词)
We met in 1980. I have never heard from him since 1980.
我们1980 年见面以后,我再也没有接到他的音信了。
(since 作副词)
因此在学一个词时,先要知道它属于哪个词类,然后再弄清它是否还可用作其他词类。英语中的一个词,常可用作另一词类,如:
It’s a 。
where do you shop for clothes?你在哪里买衣裳?
It’s a good 。
where did you buy it?你是在哪里买的?
It’s a small 。 Let me see if I have any 。
这种现象叫作词类的转换(conversion )。
练习(Exercise)
Look up the words in a dictionary and see what part of speech they can be used in.
(在字典中查下面的词,看能用作什么词类):
1. warm. 2. silence. 3. until. 4. in
5. up 6. before 7. part 8. more
3. 词类的转换
一个词类常可能转换为另一词类:
1. 某些动词可以转换为名词:
Try the shirt on. 穿上这件衬衫