文档介绍：UK Experience
with Bus Restructuring
Outline
1. Background
2. Bus Deregulation outside London
3. London strategy
4. Results to date
5. Edinburgh Case Study
Nigel . Wilson /, Fall 2006 1
Lecture 3
Background
• Prior to mid-1980s, UK local bus industry broadly
comparable to US transit industry:
• public ownership at local level
• heavily subsidized
• slowly declining ridership
• little innovation in technology, service, or management
• little responsiveness to public needs or concerns
• Buses played a larger role than in US because of lower
car ownership levels and higher operating costs
Nigel . Wilson /, Fall 2006 2
Lecture 3
Bus Deregulation Outside London (1986)
Basic premises behind bus deregulation:
• deregulation would produce petitive market
• competition would substantially reduce costs
• petitive market would improve resource allocation
• there would be no significant negative side effects
Nigel . Wilson /, Fall 2006 3
Lecture 3
Basic Elements of UK Bus Deregulation
• Bus markets were divided mercial and
mercial, with the following definitions and rules
for each:
Commercial
• Defined as any service that an operator is prepared to offer
with the only government support being:
-- concessionary fares reimbursement
-- fuel taxes rebate
Nigel . Wilson /, Fall 2006 4
Lecture 3
Basic Elements of UK Bus Deregulation
Commercial (cont’d)
• Services are registered including the route and timetable, and
changes e effective after 6 weeks notice
• Fares can be changed with no prior notice
• Unrestricted entry and exit from the market
• Known as "Competition In the Market”
mercial
•Services which are not registered mercial, but needed for
social reasons as identified by local authorities
• Awarded to a private sector operator after petitive bidding
process for a period of (typically) three