文档介绍：REDOX Reactions for Energy Production
Lead-Acid Storage Batteries
mon type of battery in automobiles
Electrodes are Pb and PbO2 in a strong acidic electrolyte
These batteries are rechargeable – What does that mean chemically speaking?
Lead-Acid Storage Batteries
Oxidation
Reduction
Combination gives
Eocell = + V
Apply current at the right voltage and the chemical reaction goes in reverse
Pb(s) + SO42-(aq)
PbSO4(s) + 2e-
PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + SO42-(aq) + 2e-
PbSO4(s) + 2H2O
Pb(s) + PbO2(s) + 4H+(aq) + 2SO42-(aq)
2PbSO4(s) + 2H2O
Battery Set-up
Parallel
Series
volts
volts
Current is summed
by parallel connection
Voltage is summed
by series connection
Battery Set-up
The grey and blue colored squares represent groups of anodes and cathodes in parallel connection to increase surface area exposed to electrolyte
Cells (one anode plate and one cathode plate) are connected in series to produce the battery
Other Batteries
Zinc – Carbon: known as a dry cell, zinc anode and inert carbon cathode in moist electrolyte paste of MnO2 (or ZnCl2 or NH4Cl)
Alkaline: electrodes of zinc and manganese oxide in an alkaline (basic) electrolyte
Lithium Ion: Li ions have high energy density and Li is a light element, Li ions allow for recharging versus Li metal batteries, no memory effect
Nickel-metal hydride: nickel-oxy hydroxide cathode and metal hydride anode in KOH electrolyte, rechargeable
Li-ion Battery
http://inventors./library/inventors/
Ni
Co
Mn
V