文档介绍：1the fundamental concepts基本概念
cross section横截面
the internal stresses produced in the bar杆的内应力
continuous distribution of
hydrostatic pressure流体静压力
the tensile load拉伸载荷
a uniform distribution over the cross section在横截面均匀分布
arbitrary cross-sectional shape任意截面形状
tensile stresses拉应力
compressive stresses压应力
a normal stress正应力
through the centroid of the cross sectional area通过横截面形心
the uniform stress condition压力均匀分布
the stress distribution at the ends of the bar杆末端应力分布
high localized stresses高度应力集中
an axially loaded bar轴向载荷杆件
a tensile strain拉应变
an elongation or stretching of the material材料拉伸
pressive strain压应变
the ratio of two lengths两个长度的比值
purely statical and geometrical considerations从纯静态以及几何角度考虑
branch of scientific analysis which motions, times and forces is called mechanics and is made up of two parts, statics and dynamics.
研究位移、时间和力运动乘力是科学分析法的一个分支,被称作力学,力学由两大部分组成,静力学和动力学。
example, if the force operating on a sleeve bearing es too high, it will squeeze out the oil film and cause metal-to-metal contact, overheating and rapid failure of the bearing.
例如:如果止推轴承上的作用力过大的话,会挤出油膜,引起金属和金属之间的相互接触,轴承将过热而迅速失效。
intuitive concept of force includes such ideas as place of application, direction, and magnitude, and these are called the characteristics of a force.
力的直观概念包括力的作用点、大小、方向,这些被称为力的三要素。
bodies are either elastic or plastic and will be deformed if acted upon by forces. When the deformation of such bodies is small, they are frequently assumed to be rigid, ., incapable of deformation, in order to simplify the analysis.
所有的物体既可以是弹性的也可以是塑性的,如果受到力的作用就产生变形。当变形很小的时候它们被假设成刚体,也就是不产生变形。
rigid-body assumption cannot be used in internal stresses and strains due to the applied forces to be analyzed. Thus we consider the body to be capable of deforming.
刚体假设不能应用于内应力和内应变的分析,所以在实际力的分析时,要考虑物体的形变。
all the forces acting on a particle are balanced, the particle will either remain at rest or will continue to move in a straight