文档介绍：Lubricant Base Oils 润滑油基础油
September, 2007
Overall lubricant es from both base oil and additives.
润滑油的总体性能由基础油和添加剂共同决定。
Fluid position
液体润滑油组成成份
Base Oil
基础油
Additive Package
复合添加剂
80% – 99%
1% – 20%
Petroleum (mineral)
原油(矿物油)
Synthetic
合成的
Natural (vegetable)
天然的(植物的)
Base Oil Types
基础油类型
Mineral oils (derived from crude oil)
矿物油(从原油中提取)
monly-used base oil for many years
为多年来最常用的基础油
bination of properties needed to provide effective lubrication
具有良好的有效润滑的综合特性
Synthetics (esters, synthesized hydrocarbons, etc.)
人工合成油(酯类, 合成烃类等)
generally used to provide performance lacking with mineral oils
通常用于弥补矿物油所缺乏的性能
Natural oils (vegetable or animal derived)
天然油(从植物或动物中提取)
usually chosen for environmental considerations
通常在考虑环境保护时使用
Lubricant Base Oils’ Important Properties
润滑油基础油的重要特性
Viscosity
粘度
internal resistance to flow – the ability to separate surfaces under operating conditions
流阻性-即将处于运行状态中的表层与其他层分离开的能力
Viscosity Index
粘度指数
resistance to change in viscosity with change in temperature
温度发生变化时粘度保持不变的能力
Chemical stability
化学稳定性
resistance to oxidation and degradation, especially at high temperature
抗氧化降解的能力,尤其当处于高温条件下时
Hydrolytic stability
水解稳定性
resistance to change in the presence of water
遇水时性能保持不变的能力
Demulsibility
乳化分解性
ability to separate water
与水分离的能力
Origins of Crude Oil
原油的成因
The traditional and most popular “Organic Theory”:
传统而最常见的“有机说”
“Crude oil is derived from plant and animal matter laid down in ancient sea beds over millions of years. It was gradually covered by mud and rock and under pressure, heat and time became crude oil.”
“动植物沉到几百万年之久的古老海底后,被厚厚的泥沙沉积物所覆盖,并由于化学变化、压力和温度的作用过程,在漫长的时间中变成了我们所知道的石油”
Organic material laid down determines product (s) found when drilling into reservoir.
钻头钻进原油的储层时得到的原油的产品种类由沉积的有机物类型决定。
Crude Oil Origins
原油的成因
IF, predominant material was…如果主要的材料为:
THEN, product will be…
那么产品将是:
Animal
动物
Natural gas
天然气
Plant
植物
Crude oil
原油
Often, reservoir will contain both crude oil and natura