文档介绍：The Silicon Valley Model: Its Development and Example for the Global IT Sector
Yale M. Braunstein School of Information Management & Systems University of California Berkeley, CA 94720 .
October 1999
Outline
A brief history of SV
Data on growth
Categorization of benefits and problems
generally growth-induced
Prospects
Can the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere?
Should the SV experience be duplicated elsewhere?
Key drivers for ess
A brief history of SV - 1
Stanford University founded 1886
First classes in 1891
1912: Lee de Forest at Federal pany invents the vacuum tube: “the prototype of the close inter-relationship between industry, the university, and the entrepreneurs in developing the science-based plex in Santa Clara County”
A brief history of SV - 2
Over 300 panies located in the Santa Clara Valley between 1945 & 1960, including:
Varian Associates (1948)
Hewlett-Packard
Ford
IBM
Lockheed
GE
Sylvania
(Lesson: SV is not an entirely new phenomenon)
A brief history of SV - 3
Stanford Industrial Park (1951)
Varian (1951)
Hewlett-Packard (1952)
Lockheed (1956)
Formal policy announced 1954
25 tenants with 11,000 employees in 1961
60 tenants with 19,000+ employees by 1970
(Rapid growth tied to invention of the IC)
Brief digression on data
“Good” data are difficult to obtain
SV does not equal Santa Clara county
SV grew out of Bay Area (five or more counties)
SV may have grown out of “mid-peninsula” area
SV may include parts of Alameda and Santa Cruz counties
Industry definitions
are constant although industries undergo technological change
manufacturing does not equal “high tech”
software often hidden in “services” sector
SV Benefits
Economic growth
higher e
new jobs
new enterprises
new “industries”
High tech - higher education relationships
“Clean industries”
Good “corporate citizens”
SV Problems -- Overview
Cost of living
Gentrification and e gaps
Housing
Congestion
Pollution
Trade deficits
boom(s) and bust(s)
others