文档介绍：形容词和副词
一、形容词及其用法
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid 害怕的。
(错)He is an ill man. (对)The man is ill.
(错)She is an afraid girl. (对)The girl is afraid.
这类词还有:well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。例如:something nice.
4)以-ly结尾的形容词
a)大部分形容词词尾加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错: (错)She sang lovely. (对)Her singing was lovely.
(错)He spoke to me very friendly. (对)He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
b)有些以-ly结尾的词既为形容词,也为副词,如daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如: The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
5) 用形容词表示类别和整体
a)某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。例如:
The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。
b)有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如:
The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。
6) 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如:
a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car
[典型例题]
1)Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two
答案:C。由“限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--性质--名词”的顺序可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,它们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3)---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny
C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词