文档介绍：句子成分及结构
一:句子成分由词或词组充当, 英语的基本成分有七种
主语(subject)、谓语(predicate)、宾语(object)、表语(predicative)、定语(attribute)、状语(adverbial),plement)。
(1). 主语 S
主语(Subject) 是一个句子所叙述的主体,一般位于句首。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不是疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:
the 1990s, American country music has e more and more popular. 名词
often speak English in class. 代词
-third of the students in this class are girls. 数词
swim in the river is a great pleasure. 不定式
does harm to the health. 动名词
rich should help the poor. 名词化的形容词
we are going to have an English test has not been decided. 主语从句
is necessary to master a foreign language。it 为形式主语,不定式为真正的主语
(2). 谓语(V)
谓语(Predicate) 说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下:
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如:
He practices running every morning.
The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2、复合谓语:
由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如:
You may keep the book for two weeks.
He has caught a bad cold.
注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
(3)表语(P)
表语(Predicative)用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份,它一般位于系动词之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表示。例如:
teacher of English is an American.(名词)
it yours?(代词)
weather has turned cold.(形容词)
speech is exciting.(分词)
times seven is twenty one?(数词)
job is to teach English.(不定式)
hobby is playing football.(动名词)
meeting is of great importance.(介词短语)
is up. The class is over.(副词)
truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)
注意:系动词(Linking verb)用于连接主语和表语,说明主语的状态,性质特征和身份等。
1)状态系动词用来表示主语状态,只有be一词,例如:
He is a teacher.
2)持续系动词用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度,主要有keep, remain, stay, stand, 例如:
He always keep silent at meeting. 
3)感官系动词主要有feel, smell, sound, taste, 例如:
This kind of cloth feels very soft.
4)变化系动词表示主语变成什么样,e, grow, turn, fall, get, go, come, :
He became mad after that.  
除此之外,还有prove, turn out, appear, seem等。
The rumor proved false.
His plan turned out a ess。
(4)宾语(O)
宾语(Object)表示动作的对象或承受