文档介绍：动词不定式
1、动词不定式的基本形式:to+动词原形,有时可以不用to,to是不定式符号,本身无词义,动词不定式的否定形式是not+to+动词原形,不定式的疑问形式wh—/how+to+动词原形。
2、动词不定式的基本用法
功能
例句
说明
主语
To speak English is not easy for us.=It is not easy for us to speak 。
做主语用的不定式,常常用it做形式主语,而把不定式放在后面。其固定形式为,It is+adj./n+for/of do sth.
表语
Her work is to clean the room every day. =To clean the room every day is her 。
多数情况下,不定式做表语,可转换为做主语。
宾语
—What do you want to do?你想做什么?
—I want to play 。
只能做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语。如:decide, want, hope,wish,ask,agree,afford,would like/love等。
宾补
She asked me not to speak Chinese in an English 。
在make,let,see,hear,watch等使役、感官动词后,不定式省略to,但在被动结构中不省to。
定语
Have you got anything to say?
你有要说的吗?
不定式做定语,要放在所修饰的后面,并与前面的名词、代词有动宾关系。
状语
I’m sorry to trouble you.
(其原因,此时to翻译“因为”)
很抱歉,给你添麻烦了。
I went to the library to study English.(表目的,此时to等于“in order to”)
我去图书馆学英语了。
不定式做状语,其逻辑主语要和句子的主语一致。
3、不定式的特殊结构
结构
例句
too…to do
He is too young to go to ,还不能上学。(=He is so young that he can’t go to school.)
=He isn’t old enough to…
not+不定式
He told me not to smoke.
他告诉我不要抽烟。
Wh-(how)+不定式
He didn’t know what to do 。
When to start has not been 。
The famer showed the students how to drive 。
for+名(代)词+不定式
It is important for us to learn from each 。
of+名(代)词+不定式
It is very kind of you to help me with my 。
4、动词不定式的注意事项
(1)接不定式作宾语的动词有:
三个希望(hope, wish, expect),两答应(agree, promise);
两个要求(ask, would like)莫拒绝(refuse);
设法(manage)学会(learn)做决定(decide, make up one’s mind, make resolutions);不要假装(pretend),在选择(choose)计划(plan)。
(2)接不定式作宾语的动词往往可以接宾补形式,但hope除外。
Hope sb to do sth (F) 改:wish sb to do sth.(T)
(3)接不定式作宾补,省去不定式符号to的动词有:
四“看”(notice, watch, look at, see);三“使”(have, make, let);
两“听”(listen to, hear); 一“感觉”(feel);一“发现”(find);
一“最好”(had better);一“乐意”(please);一“帮助”(help)。
但在被动结构中不省to(还原法)
(4)注意“too…to do”结构的转换
too +adj/adv+to do