文档介绍：雅思阅读中语法体现
并列平行结构Co-ordination Constructions
“并列平行结构”是一个比较笼统的提法。事实上,在一个较长的英语句子中,并列平行的部分可能是几个句子,也可能是几个并列的短语成分。但是,其构成规律都可用以下句型来表示:
句型I. A;B ( 其中A和B代表两个并列分句,或是两个并列的短语)
句型II A,whereas/while B(其中A和B代表两个并列分句,或是两个并列的短语,where as/ while 为联结词)
句型III A(,)and /or B(其中A和B代表两个并列分句,或是两个并列的短语;逗号有时可以没有,在肯定句中,多用and来连接,而在否定句中,多用or来连接)
句型IV A,B,....and/orX(其中A和B代表多个并列分句,或是多个并列短语;在肯定句中,常用and连接,而在否定句中,常用or来连接)
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译文
保险是必需的而且费用很高;在校园内外停车可能是个问题,会要求额外的费用。
Geologists believe that the warning signs for a major earthquake may include sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth’s crust, changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in the electrical properties of underground rocks.
分析
Step 1
从前往后阅读该句时,不难看出此句是由Geologists believe that + 宾语从句构成的主干结构,而且宾语从句的主语,谓语部分也很清楚,即:the warning signs for a major earthquake may include……. 现在的关键是把include 后面的宾语部分弄清楚。
Step 2 对于include 后面的宾语部分,即:sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth’s crust, changes in the measured strain across a fault zone, and variations in the electrical properties of underground rocks,谁与谁是并列平行呢?我们不妨用上面所讲的方法来分析一下。很容易,我们能发现这种情况是属于句型IV. 也就是说,要先找到连接词and 之后的那一个成分,然后以该成分的意思为出发点,从后往前,以逗号为停顿段开点来倒着找,最终逐个找出与该词在意思上平行的其他多个各并列成分。
Step 3 显然,连接词and之后的那一个成分是:variations in the electrical properties of underground ,以该句的意思为出发点,从后往前,以逗号为停顿段开点来倒着找,我们分别找到了:sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity, tilting and other deformations of the Earth’s crust, 以及changes in the measured strain across a fault zone这三个相对独立的词群。这样,我们就找到了the warning signs for a major earthquake may include 之后的4个并列平行成分, 即:(1)sudden fluctuations in local seismic activity,(2)tilting and other deformations of the Earth’s crust,(3)changes in the measured strain across a fault zone,(4)and variations in the electrical properties of underground rocks.
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