文档介绍：Chapter 1 INTRODUCTION TO MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONS 1-1 1-# Learning Objectives You should learn to: Explain what a manager is and how the role of a manager has changed Define management Distinguish between efficiency and effectiveness Describe the basic management functions and the management process Identify the roles performed by managers 1-2 1-# Learning Objectives (cont.) You should learn to: Describe the skills managers need Explain what managers do using the systems perspective Identify what managers do using the contingency perspective Describe what anization is and how the concept of anization has changed Explain the value of studying management 1-3 1-# Who Are Managers? Manager someone who works with and through other people by coordinating their work activities in order to anizational goals changing nature anizations and work has blurred the clear lines of distinction between managers and non-managerial employees 1-4 1-# Who Are Managers? (cont.) Managerial Titles First-line managers - manage the work of non-managerial individuals who are directly involved with the production or creation of anization’s products Middle managers - all managers between the first-line level and the top level of anization manage the first-line managers Top managers - responsible for anization-wide decisions and establishing the plans and goals that affect the anization 1-5 1-# Organizational Levels Non-managerial Employees Top Managers Middle Managers First-line Managers 1-6 1-# What Is Management? Management the process of coordinating work activities so that they pleted efficiently and effectively with and through other people elements of definition Process - represents ongoing functions or primary activities engaged in by managers Coordinating - distinguishes a managerial position from a non-managerial one 1-7 1-# What is Management? (cont.) Management (cont.) elements of definition Efficiency - getting the most output from the least amou