文档介绍：SEPARATION OPERATIONS:
INTRODUCTION
u What are separation operations?
u Typical applications of separation operations
u Physical basis for separation operations
u Basic types of separation operations
u Performance characterization of separation operations
u Choice of separation operations
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 1
WHAT ARE SEPARATION OPERATIONS?
A Separation Operation
u Separates a ponent input stream into two or
more output streams positions differ from that
of the input stream,
OR
uSeparates a mulitphase stream into its constituent
substreams
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 2
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
u Separation of a ponent stream
ð Distillation
ð Gas Absorption and Stripping
ð Liquid-Liquid Extraction
ð Fractional Crystalization
ð Dialysis
ð Pressure-Swing Adsorption (PSA)
u Separation of a multiphase stream
ð Filtration (solid-liquid)
ð Decantation (liquid-liquid)
ð Electrostatic Precipitation (gas-solid)
ð Knock-Out Drum (gas-liquid)
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 3
PROCESS EXAMPLE: ETHYLENE OXIDE PFD
CO2
CO2
CO2
S
A t
b r
s i
HP Steam o p
r p
Steam b b
Drum e e
r r
BFW
EO to
O2 Recycle Purification
Purge
Compressor Condenser
Knock
C2H4
EO Out
Reactor
Cycle Drum
CH4 Water CW
EO Cooler EO
A S
b
CW t
s r
o i
r Intercooler p
b p
e e
Gas-Gas
r r
Exchanger
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 4
PROCESS EXAMPLE: ETHYLENE OXIDE
u Process Chemistry:
C2H4 + 1/2 O2 ® C2H4O (Ethylene Oxide [EO])
C2H4 + 3 O2 ® 2 CO2 + 2 H2O
u Reactor Effluent
C2H4O (EO product)
C2H4 (unreacted raw material)
C2H6 (impurity in C2H4 feed)
O2 (unreacted raw material)
Ar (impurity in O2 feed)
CO2 (byproduct)
H2O (byproduct)
CH4 (diluent)
9/4/99 Separation Operations: Introduction 5
EO SEPARATION REQUIREMENTS
u Recover product EO and purify
ð Recover EO from reactor effluent via gas absorption in H2O
ð R