文档介绍：内容摘要
汉语否定句的表达方式多种多样,既可以用否定词“不”或“没”等进行否定,也可以用反问语气、疑问代词以及其他含有否定意义的词语等表达手段,而其中最典型、使用频率最高的是用“不”或“没”来表示否定意义。
汉语的否定词及其用于表达否定的方式有其自身的特点和规律,跟其他语言相应的否定词的用法并不完全对等。汉语作为第二语言的学习者在学习和使用汉语否定句时,由于缺乏对目的语否定词、否定结构的特点及用法的充分了解,加之受到母语的负迁移影响,往往会产生种种偏误,影响到汉语交际的效果。
本文基于汉语否定句的本体研究和二语教学已有的研究成果,以带有“不”和“没”这类标记的汉语否定结构为主要研究对象,运用第二语言习得、对比语言学、中介语和偏误分析等相关理论,从汉英对比的角度出发,采用问卷调查和计量统计的方法,考察和分析英语背景的留学生在学习和使用汉语否定句时较常出现的各种偏误的类型,分析造成这些偏误的主要原因,并在此基础上提出对外汉语否定句教学的对策和建议。
全文共分五章。第一章绪论,阐述本文研究的目的、内容和方法,综述相关的研究文献和理论基础;第二章汉英否定句的对比分析,通过对汉英两种语言否定句在时体概念和否定词的语义、语用、分布等方面特点的对比,探讨两种语言否定表达方式的异同点;第三章母语为英语的学习者汉语否定句习得偏误的类型,说明调查问卷的设计、调查的对象和过程以及对调查结果统计分析得出的结论;第四章母语为英语的学习者汉语否定句习得偏误的原因及教学对策,针对不同的偏误类型,分析归纳造成否定句习得偏误的主要原因,并提出相关的教学建议;第五章结语,总结本文研究的主要结论以及存在的不足之处。
关键词:汉语否定句二语习得偏误分析
Abstract
There are many strateges of negative exepression in Chinese,such as using negative mark “bu”/“mei”,or echo question ,wh-question and words contain negative meaning etc……The most important method is using “bu”and “mei”,they are the mom negative words in modern Chinese.
Chinese negative words and its negative expressions has its own characteristics and regulation,and not entirely correspond to other languages,chinese negative is plicated that students usually make mistakes in aquiring chinese for lacking of understanding in negative words 、form、usage,In addition, the negative negative effects of the mother tongue . they often have a variety errors and affect th the effectiveness munication in Chinese .
This paper bases on the achivements of the seniors and scholars, focusing on the "no" and "no" research,using second language acquisition, contrastive linguistics, interlanguage and error analysis and other related theories, From the point of view of Chinese-English contrast, Adopted the survey statistics and measurement methods, study the English-speaking backgrounds study and analyze the students in learning and using Chinese negation ,to analyze the main reasons for these errors and, in this based on the negation of teaching Chinese as a foreig