文档介绍：Solutions
Some Definitions
A solution is a mixture of 2 or more substances in a single phase.
One part is usually called the SOLVENT and the other part is the SOLUTE.
Parts of a Solution
SOLUTE – the part of a solution that is being dissolved (usually the lesser amount)
SOLVENT – the part of a solution that dissolves the solute (usually the greater amount)
Solute + Solvent = Solution
Solute
Solvent
Example
solid
solid
Zinc, Copper
solid
liquid
Salt, Water
gas
solid
Hydrogen gas, Metal
liquid
liquid
Creamer, Coffee
gas
liquid
Carbon Dioxide, water
gas
gas
Nitrogen in Oxygen
Definitions
Solutions can be classified as saturated or unsaturated.
An unsaturated solution contains less than the maximum amount of solute that can dissolve at a particular temperature
A saturated solution contains the maximum quantity of solute that dissolves at that temperature.
Definitions
SUPERSATURATED SOLUTIONS: contains more solute than should be possible to be dissolved
Supersaturated solutions are unstable
only temporary
2 Ways to make a supersaturated solution:
Warm the solvent so that it will dissolve more, then cool the solution
Evaporate some of the solvent carefully so that the solute does not solidify e out of solution.
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Supersaturated Sodium Acetate
One application of a supersaturated solution is the sodium acetate “heat pack.”
Two types of aqueous Solutions
pounds will disassociate in water
pounds do not disassociate they only dissolve
Dissasociation
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How do we know ions are present in aqueous solutions?
The solutions Conduct Electricity
They are called ELECTROLYTES
HCl, MgCl2, and NaCl are strong electrolytes. They pletely (or nearly so) into ions.
Aqueous Solutions
Aqueous Solutions
pounds dissolve in water but do not conduct electricity. They are called nonelectrolytes.
Examples include:
sugar
ethanol
ethylene glycol
Rate of Dissolution
Factors that affect the rate of dissolutio