文档介绍：Distillation : Summary
Distillation is a widely used separation process.
The separation is based on the volatility difference of ponents to be separated.
Wide application of distillation: WHY?
Volatility difference exists for most mixtures.
Only heat is needed for the separation, no other extra agents are needed. So the products may be pure.
Classification of distillation
Relative Volatility
Process
Example
big
Equilibrium distillation or flash distillation
H2 and oil
medium
fractionation
Benzene and tolune
small
Azeotropic distillation and extractive distillation
Absolute ethanol production
1
2
3
4
Flash distillation
T
xAor yA
dew point line
bubble point line
Fractionation with rectifying section and stripping section
column with rectifying section and stripping section
condenser(total and partial), accumulator, cooler: cold water
reflux and overhead product
reboiler: steam and condensate
bottom product
Equipment to implement distillation process
Plate tower or column
Packed tower or column
Structure of plate tower
sieve plate;
perforations;
er;
weir.
Calculation of distillation process
minimum reflux ratio
minimum number of trays
optimum reflux ratio and number of plates
McCabe-Thiele method for the calculation of theoretical tray number
equilibrium stage assuption (ideal stage)
constant molar overflow assumption
operating line and equilibrium curve
feed line