文档介绍：非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义,我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。 
   
    (1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
    Smoking is prohibited(禁止)。(抽象)
    It is not very good for you to smoke so 。(具体)
    (2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。    
    不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
    Climbing mountains is 。(经验)
    Driving a car during the rush hour is 。(经验)
  (3)不定式做主语,一般用 it 当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
    It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 完成这项工作花了我五分钟时间。    
  、动名词和分词作表语的区别
    (1)不定式作表语
    1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
    To do two things at a time is to do 。
    What I would suggest is to start work at once. 我的建议是立刻开始干。
    2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
    To see is to 。
    To work means to earn a 。
    3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
    His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near 。
    The function of Louis Sullivan’s architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.
The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.
    (2)动名词作表语:表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the 。
His hobby is collecting 。 
  (注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。动名词作表语,说明主语的性质或状况。
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.
    His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.
  (3)分词作表语
    分词作表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词作表语,一种是过去分词作表语,这两者的区别是考试中经常考到的地方。一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是
“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。所以,凡表示“令人……的”都用-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in ... ,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is i