文档介绍：单片机应用系统设计-声波测距仪
摘要
本文详细介绍了一种基于单片机的超声测距系统。该系统以空气中超声波的传播速度为确定条件,利用反射超声波测量待测距离。在介绍了单片机性能和特点的基础上,分析了超声波测距的发展及基本原理,介绍了传感器的原理及特性。由此提出了系统的总体构成。然后简要介绍了利用51系列单片机设计测距仪的原理:单片机发出的超声波,通过换能器发射出去,遇到被测物体后反射回来,计算此超声波从发射出到接受的时间差从而得出被测物体到测距仪的距离。针对测距系统发射、接收、检测、显示部分的总体设计方案做了论证。给出了系统的硬件原理图和软件实现框图。
关键词:单片机,超声波,测距
The Design of System for Ultrasonic Distance
Measurement Using MCU
Abstract
The thesis introduces a kind of single-pulse-reflection ultrasonic distance meter system in detail based on single chip processor. The system could measure certain distance on the premise that the speed of reflected wave in the air is fixed. Based on the study of single chip processor, this paper summarizes the development and fundamental principle of ultrasonic detection. Then it presents the theory and characters of ultrasonic sensor. Moreover, it proposes the whole structure of the system by introducing the function of ultrasonic distance meter. Then this paper introduces the principle of distance一measuring一device which is designed with the single chip Processor of 51series. This principle is based on the ultrasonic measure which is calculated by the time used by ultrasonic traveling from the target. And then the transmission, receiver, detection, display scheme of this distance meter system are brought out. This paper presents the design of the Circuit and debug of the ultrasonic distance sensor.
Key words: single-chip processor, ultrasonic, distance- measurement
目录
1 绪论 1
课题背景 1
超声波检测综述 1
超声波检测的发展 1
超声波检测简介 3
单片机简介 4
5
2 超声波测距仪的总体构想 7
超声波测距的原理 7
常见的测距法 7
超声波传感器 8
超声波传感器的原理及结构 8
10
系统主要参数的确定 11
测距仪的工作频率 11
声速 12
发射脉冲宽度 12
测量盲区 13
3 单片机基本原理 15
单片机的组成 15
单片机指令系统与汇编语言程序 18
中断系统的基本原理与操作方式 21
22
22
4 超声波测距仪的硬件设计 25
超声波发射电路 25
超声波检测接收电路 26
集成电路CX20106A简介 26
接收电路图 27
单片机系统及显示电路 28
5 超声波测距仪的软件设计 30
超声波测距仪的算法