文档介绍:1998年鼠疫世界分布100-250/per100000DistributionofTuberculosisWorldwide(2000)结核病的全球分布(2000)3%~丙型肝炎的全球分布(2000)DistributionofCHepatitisWorldwide(2000)研究传染病意义StudyImportance危害严重重治轻防,后果惨重死灰复燃新发传染病不断出现生物恐怖威胁存在SeriouslyburdenofdiseasesNeglectofprevention,theconsequencesofheavyTheresurgenceofrelapseThenewemerginginfectiousdiseasesThreatofbioterrorism新出现的传染病(emerginginfectionsoremerginginfectiousdiseases,EID)是指新确定的和先前未知的可引起局部或在世界范围内公共卫生问题的传染病。---DavidHeymann1997“emerginginfections”referstonewlyidentifiedandpreviouslyunknowninfectiousdiseaseswhichcausepublichealthproblems,eitherlocallyorinternationally。新出现传染病特点ThecharacteristicofEID悄然出现Silentbeginning全球化趋势Globalization动物→人?Jumpofinfectiousagentacrossthespeciesbarrierfromanimaltohumanbeing新出现病原体通常具有较大毒力和/或传染性Morevirulentand/orepidemic重新出现的传染病(re-emerginginfectiousdiseases)是指那些我们已经熟知的,且其传播水平已降低到不再成为公共卫生问题的感染又重新回复到具有流行程度传播状态的疾病。Re-emerginginfectiousdiseasesareinfectionsthathavebeenknownaboutforsometimebuthadfallentosuchlowlevelsthattheywerenolongerconsideredapublichealthproblem。'sbehavior技术进步和工业化时间的变化Technologicalprogressandindustrialization经济发展和土地使用模式的变化Economicdevelopmentandland-usepatternschange国际旅游、商贸的发展以及人口流动的数量迅速增加ThedevelopmentofInternationaltravel,merce,andpopulationmovement在世界范围内,从地区上,因投入大幅下降,而致应对传染病的公共卫生能力被削弱,以至破Lackofhealthresources其他与EID产生相关的原因OthercausesofEID全球气候持续变暖,导致热带、亚热带的范围不断扩大,直接影响了动植物生态系统,使生物群落、传播疾病的啮齿类动物及昆虫媒介的种属、分布区域和密度等发生改变Theglobalclimatecontinuestowarm生物恐怖主义的潜在威胁BioterrorismMajorachievementsofinfectiousdiseasespreventionandcontroltill1970sTotalmorbiditydecreasedTotalmortalitydecreasedFatalityrateofthemajoritydecreasedModesofTransmissionchangedLargescaleepidemicsdecreased总的发病率降低总的死亡率降低大多数传染病病死率下降不同传播途径疾病构成改变大规模流行减少全球传染病主要防治成果