文档介绍：Classes of hydrocarbons
Structures of Alkanes
Structures of Alkanes
sp3 Hybridized orbital
Structure of metnane
Structure of ethane
Shapes of alkanes
Isomerization of Alkanes
Nomenclature of Alkanes
Unbranched Alkanes:
Chapter 2 Alkanes
Branched Alkanes
Branched alkyl groups
Cycloalkane Nomenclature
Properties of Alkanes and
Cycloalkanes
Conformation(构象)of Alkanes
and Cycloalkanes
Conformation of Alkanes
1. Conformational Analysis of Ethane
2. Conformational Analysis of Butane
Conformation of Cyclohexane
1. Cis-trans isomerism in Cyclohexane
2. Conformation of Cyclohexane
3. Conformational Analysis
of Mono-substituted Cyclohenaxes
4. Conformational Analysis of
Disubstituted cyclohexanes
Hydrocarbons
(烃)
C. H elements
Aliphatic
(脂肪的)
Aromatic
(芳香的)
Cycloalkanes
Alkenes
Alkynes
Classes of Hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Saturated
Unsaturated
Hydrocarbons
Alkanes
Alkenes
alkynes
Structures of Alkanes
P35,
-
Structures of Alkanes
C :
1s2 2s2 2px1 2py1 2pz0
Electronic configuration
in ground state of a carbon atom
Hybrid orbitals(杂化轨道):
Ground state
2p
2s
1s
Promotion
of electron
Exited state
2p
2s
1s
sp3-Hybridized
state
1s
sp3
Hybri-
dized
2s
2py
2pz
2px
An sp3 orbital
¼ s orbital
¾ p orbital
4 tetrahedral
sp3 orbitals
Geometric structure:
tetrahedron
°
°
Four tetrahedral sp3 orbital
The Structure of Methane
4 equivalent C-Hσ键
Bond angle:°
C: sp3 orbital
H: 1s orbital
Geometric structure:
tetrahedron
A ball-and-stick model of methane
A space and filling model of methane