文档介绍：摘要
电子收费(Electronic Toll Collection ETC)技术是目前国际上正在努力开发并推广普及的一种用于公路、桥梁和隧道的新型电子自动收费技术。采用ETC技术不但可以极大地提高收费广场的通行能力,同时也能大大地降低收费车辆的延误,增加车辆行驶的舒适程度,减少车辆在排队等候中的尾气排放。然而,电子收费系统的建立受到经济基础、金融体制以及道路管理结构等因素的制约。另外,还需考虑现行的道路收费体系,就收费广场的设计而言,也很难考虑一次性改为全ETC方式。在很长一段时期内,我国的收费体系将会是停车收费与不停车收费两种收费方式并存,因此,本文针对我国联网收费大环境,结合目前各地对ETC系统的不同需求及试用情况,提出了一种兼容人工半自动收费(Manual Semi-automatic Toll Collection MTC)的电子收费技术方案—“两片式电子标签+双界面CPU卡”的组合式电子收费技术方案。使用两片式电子标签加双界面CPU卡以不停车方式通过ETC车道;对于一般人工半自动收费车道只需拔出双界面CPU卡,短暂停车刷卡通过MTC车道。文中对该组合式电子收费系统进行了详细、深入的研究,阐明了组合式电子收费系统的运行模式。
在采用组合式收费方式的收费站设计中,必须精确地计算出使用不停车收费车道的车辆数,即所提供的车道数必须能够满足使用电子标签的车辆使用,本文旨在讨论高速公路收费系统升级至组合式收费系统这一必然过程中所需解决的车道合理配置和优化的问题。在充分分析收费站处交通流特性的基础上,建立了基于系统费用损失最小化的非线性整数规划模型,并编制了改进遗传算法的优化配置程序ETC-Optimization, 分析结果表明系统损失费用是车道闲置时间和车辆等待时间的函数,在ETC装备率不同的情况下,应合理配置ETC车道数目。
关键词:电子收费人工半自动收费组合式电子收费系统排队模型
遗传算法
ABSTRACT
Electronic Toll Collection technology (ETC) is one kind of new electronic automatic toll technology on international, which is developing and promoted popular diligently in the road, the bridge and the tunnel at present. Applying ETC will not only enhance the capacity of toll plaza, but also reduce the charge vehicles' delay, enhance fortableness, reduce the gas-let during the waiting time. Therefore, ETC has e the developing direction of charge technology. The ingredients such as economy base, finance system and roadway management frame, etc restrict Applying ETC. In addition, the existing roadway toll system should be considered. Take toll plaza for example, it will be quite difficult to be entirely ETC. In a long period, the toll collection system in China will bination of stop toll collection and non-stop toll collection. In view of our working charge macro environment and at present each place to ETC system has different demand and test situation, this paper produces a electronic toll technology mode that bined with Manual Semi-automatic Toll Collection (MTC)—bined ETC Application Solution of two pieces ETC tag plus dual interface CPU card. Non-par