文档介绍：物理化学电子教案—第四章
Gaseous
solutions
Solid
solutions
Liquid
solutions
Solutions of
non-electrolytes
Solutions of
electrolytes
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Chapter 4 ponent Systems
Introduction
Expressions of concentration
Partial molar properties
Two empirical laws
in dilute liquid solutions
Chemical potential of ponent
in gaseous mixtures
Liquid mixtures
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Contents
Distribution law
Non-ideal liquid solutions
Gibbs-Duhem relations
Colligative properties in dilute liquid solutions
Chemical potential of ponent
in dilute liquid solutions .
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Introduction
Solutions can be gaseous, liquid, or solid, but we will be concerned in this chapter primarily with liquid.
It is sometimes convenient to designate as solvent ponent that is present in highest concentration.
The ponents are then called solutes.
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Expressions of concentration
1, mole fraction
We have used mole fraction most often as position it is convenient to designate ponent as a solvent, it may also be convenient to express position with respect to each solute as a ratio relative to the amount of solvent.
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Expressions of concentration
2. molality mB
The molality mB of a solute B is defined as the amount of substance of solute per unit mass of solvent.
The relationship between the mole fraction and the molality can be obtained from the definition of mole fraction.
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Expressions of concentration
3. molarity cB , or concentration of B
amount - of - substance
where V is the volume of the solution, usually in cubic decimeters.
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Expressions of concentration
4. wB mass fraction of B
The ratio of mass of solute to the total mass of solute and solvent.
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The important relations
;
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The chain relation
paring with the coefficients of dx and dy in two dZ’s eqs gives:
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