文档介绍：Chapter 10
Cognitive Linguistics
Contents
Introduction
Categorization and Categories
The classical theory
Prototype theory
Levels of categorization
Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy
Conceptual metaphor
Conceptual metonymy
Iconicity
Iconicity of order
Iconicity of distance
Iconicity plexity
Grammaticalization
Introduction
Describe a car
★ box-like shape, wheels, doors, windows, engine, brakes, seat…
★ comfortable, fast, social status…
★ personal affairs connected with cars, . car accident
cognitive linguistics
A new approach to the study of language and mind. According to this approach, language and language use are based on our bodily experience and the way we conceptualize it.
Background:
Cognitive linguistics began to appear in the 1970s and has been increasingly active since 1980s.
Topics:
★ structural characteristics of natural language categorization
★ the functional principles of anization
★ the conceptual interface between syntax and semantics
★ the experiential and pragmatic background of language-in-use
★ the relationship between language and thought
Categorization and Categories
Categorization:
the mental process of classification
Category:
the products of classification
Color
RED, WHITE, BLACK, YELLOW, BLUE……
Movies
G, PG, R, X.
The classical theory
The classical theory of categorization can be traced back to Aristotle, and it is carried forward by structuralist and transformationalist linguists.
Four assumptions of the classical theory
1. A thing cannot both belong to a category and not belong to it.
2. Features are binary.
3. Categories have clear boundaries.
4. All members of a category have equal status.
Criticisms of the classical theory
Certain things do not fall into clear categories. For instance, do ostriches and penguins belong to the BIRD theory? Even if they do, aren’t they less of birds than robins are?