文档介绍：The use of economics in EIAs – some lessons from international experience
Oct. 27 2004
Renmin University, School of Environmental Sciences
Outline of talk
DFID experience
DFID’s approach to EIA
Aims
Some lessons learnt
Putting economic valuation in to context
Understanding incentives as key to identifying and measuring impacts
Pragmatism: economics as a tool rather than a straightjacket
Strengthening the EIA process
The role of consultation and public participation
Shift to a more forward looking and positive approach
SEA and EIA
Aims of EIA/ SEA in DFID interventions
To ensure that project design satisfies DFID goals
To ensure that the action contributes to meeting national goals/ policies
To help strengthen national capacity for sustainable development planning and management
Some lessons learnt
Policies, laws and institutional arrangements in place
Human resources
Financial resources
Early initiation - Sufficient time for study, suitable planning
Integrated with project design
Environmental stds and guidelines
Ensure independence and transparency
Thorough and prehensive and systematic
Stakeholder involvement
Adaptive
II) Putting economic analysis in to context
Calculating environmental damages – three important questions
1. WHERE?
Global damages (. CO2 emissions)
Regional damages (. air pollution)
Local damages (. noise, soil degradation)
2. WHAT ARE THE
DAMAGING
FACTORS?
Technological factors
Geophyiscal factors (. topography)
Poverty-environment linkages
3. WHAT ARE THE
DAMAGES?
Health
Production
Ecosystems
Understanding incentives:
Property rights and legal /regulatory regime
Micro-macro linkages
Poverty-environment dynamics
Poverty-environment interactions
Some hypotheses on poverty and environment (Ekbom and Bojo, 1998)
Poor people are the main victims of environmental degradation
Poor people are agents of environmental degradation
Higher per capita e increases environmental pressure
plete property rights reinforce