文档介绍：Chapter 8 Air Pollution and Control
Atmospheric factors
Types, sources and effects of air pollutants
Global air pollution
Indoor air quality
Air sampling and measurement
Air pollution control
Background
Fire
Industrial revolution– new era of air pollution
Air pollution episodes (八大公害事件)
per capita death rate
Respiratory diseases including lung cancer
atmospheric factors--meteorology
position of atmosphere
Atmospheric layers
Effects of weather
Meteorology
Weather circulation patterns
The impact on air pollution control requirements: small-scale circulation patterns
Global air pollution problems: large-scale weather patterns
of atmosphere
Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Inert gas argon %
carbon dioxide, methane, hydrogen, helium, neon, ozone
other gases in trace amounts
----the rest %
Atmospheric layers
Troposphere: the lowermost, 95% of the total air mass---most air pollution problems occur/ weather patterns develop
Stratosphere: stable/ more naturally occurring ozone than the troposphere
mesosphere
Ionosphere
thermosphere
Figure
Temperature gradient
temperature vs. altitude
Decreases with increasing altitude
Increases increasing
effects of weather
Air pollutants are mixed, dispersed, and diluted within the troposphere by movement of air masses,
both horizontally and vertically
----dependent on local as well as regional weather conditions
Horizontal dispersion of pollutants
Wind speed and direction---select sites for new industrial facilities or power plants---to minimize local air pollution effects (upwind location)
Wind rose: a picture of the speed and direction from which the wind tends e---prevailing winds----Figure
Figure
Positions of spokes---wind direction
Total length---percentage of time that the wind was blowing from that direction
Shaded segments---the percentage of time the wind was blowing at the indicated speed
Calm+16 directions