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18t桥式起重机机械部分设计
摘要:桥式起重机是一种提高劳动生产率重要物品搬运设备,主要适应车间物品搬运、设备的安装与检修等用途。桥式起重机由桥架、小车运行机构、大车运行机构和电气设备构成。在系统整体设计中采用传统布局的典型结构,小车运行机构采用集中驱动。起升机构滑轮组采用双联滑轮组,重物在升降过程中没有水平移动,起升过程平稳,且钢丝绳的安装和更换容易。相应的卷绕装置采用单层卷筒,有与钢丝绳接触面积大,单位压力低的优点。在起升机构中还涉及到钢丝绳、减速器、联轴器、电动机和制动器的选择等。小车运行机构中涉及小车轮压计算、小车车轮、小车轨道、减速器、联轴器、电动机和制动器的选择计算等。
关键词:桥式起重机;起升机构;小车运行机构;大车运行机构
The Design of Machinery of the 18-ton Bridge Crane
  Abstract:Bridge crane is a significant increase labor productivity goods handling equipment, primarily to carry goods workshops, equipment installation and maintenance, and other purposes. Beam from the bridge crane, the trolley running, traveling mechanism and electrical equipment constituted. The overall design of the system using the traditional layout of the typical structure and operation of institutions used car driven focus. Pulley group or agency from using double-pulley blocks, heavy objects in the process of lifting the level of no movement, or from the process smooth, and the installation and replacement of wire rope easily. Winding installations in the corresponding single reel, a large area of contact with the rope, the advantages of low pressure units. In lifting bodies also involves rope, reducer, couplings, electrical and brake the choice. Vehicles involved in the operation of institutions pressure on the wheels, car wheels, car track, reducer, couplings, electrical and brake the choice of calculation.
Key words:bridge crane; hoisting mechanism car; agencies operating; cane traveling mechanism
1 前言
桥式起重机的简介
桥式起重机是生产车间、料场、电站厂房和仓库中为实现生产过程机械化和自动化,减轻体力劳动,提高劳动生产率的重要物品搬运设备。它横架于车间、仓库和料场上空进行物料吊运的起重设备。由于它的两端坐落在高大的水泥柱或者金属支架上,形状似桥。桥式起重机的桥架沿铺设在两侧高架上的轨道纵向运行,可以充分利用桥架下面的空间吊运物料,不受地面设备的阻碍。它是使用范围最广、数量最多的一种起重机,它通常用来搬运物品,也可用于设备的安装与检修等用途。桥式起重机安装在厂房高处两侧的吊车梁上,整机可以沿铺设在吊车梁上的轨道纵向行驶,而起重小车又可沿小车轨道(铺设在起重机的门架上)横向行驶,吊钩则作升降运动。因此,它的工作范围是其所能行驶地段的长方体空间,正好与一般车间形式相适应。
普通桥式起重机的主要组成部分
小车
小车由起升机构,小车运行机构,小车架和保护装置等组成。小车起升机构包括电动机、制动器、减速器、卷筒和滑轮组。电动机通过减速器带动卷筒转动使上卷筒从卷筒放下,