文档介绍：15 Disposal of Solid Wastes and Residual Matter
The safe and reliable long-term disposal of solid waste residues is an ponent of integrated waste management. Solid waste residues are ponents that are not recycled, that remain after processing at a materials recovery facility, or that remain after the recovery of conversion products and/or energy. Historically, solid waste has been placed in the soil in the earth's surface or deposited in the oceans. Although ocean dumping of municipal solid waste was officially abandoned in the United States in 1933, it is now argued that many of the wastes now placed in landfills or on land could be used as fertilizers to increase productivity of the ocean or the land. It is also argued that the placement of wastes in ocean trenches where tectonic folding is occurring is an effective method of waste disposal. Nevertheless, landfilling or land disposal is today the monly used method for waste disposal by far. Disposal of solid waste residues in landfills is the primary subject of this chapter.
The planning, design, and operation of modem landfills involve the application of a variety of scientific, engineering, and economic principles. The major topics covered in this chapter include: (1) a description of the landfill method of solid waste disposal, including environmental concerns and regulatory requirements; (2) a description of types of landfills and landfilling methods; (3) landfill siting considerations; (4) landfill gas management; (5) landfill leachate control; (6) surface water control; (7) landfill structural characteristics and settlement; (8) environmental quality monitoring; (9) the layout and preliminary design of landfills; (10) development of landfill operation plan; (11) landfill closure and post-closure care; and (12) landfill putations.
15-1 The Landfill Method of Solid Waste Disposal
Historically, landfills have been the most economical and environmentally acceptable method for the disposal of solid wastes, b