文档介绍：生命周期评价及其应用
Industrial Ecology and Life Cycle Assessment What's the Use?
Introduction
This brief paper discusses a central issue confronting LCA and industrial ecology: how can robust conclusions be drawn from the last 15 years of the use of LCA and allied tools? Can the industrial munity generate any insights that go beyond either the heuristics that were monplace in the environmental arena by the 1990s – avoid toxic substances, use renewable materials, minimize energy use, encourage recycling, etc. – on the one hand, or the familiar answer refrain that seems to be the result of so many LCAs, "it depends…".
Industrial Ecology and Life Cycle Assessment
Industrial ecology examines the flow of materials and energy that constitute the core of life-cycle inventories, and it employs the cradle-to-grave framework as a central means of pursuing a systems approach to environmental analysis and decision making.
Problem and Solution
LCA faces the tension between speed, cost and intelligibility on the one hand prehensiveness and rigor on the other.
Hanssen 1998, Sun et al. 2004, Daniel et al. 2004, Rydh
and Sun 2005,David Allen, Sousa et al. 2000, Ryan 2004,
Park et al. 2002
LCA基本概念
1
LCA在我国的应用
2
国外最新研究进展
3
展望
4
LCA基本概念
定义:
生命周期评价是一种用于评估产品在其整个生命周期中,即从原材料的获取、产品的生产直至产品使用后的处置,对环境影响的技术和方法。
国际标准化组织:“生命周期评价是对一个产品系统的生命周期中输入、输出及其潜在环境影响的汇编和评价。”
特征:
研究的范围、方
法、结果具透明性
时间跨度和深度取决于所确定的目标和范围
保证LCA方法
学的开放性
研究无统一模
式,灵活性大
对外公布要
考虑具体要求
考虑全过程
的环境因素
特征
过程:
2
3
1
辨识和量化整个生命周期阶段中能量和物质的消耗以及环境释放
评价这些消耗和释放对环境的影响
辨识和评价减少这些影响的机会
技术框架:
目标:
比较一个产品在生产过程前后的变化或比较
不同产品的设计,为此应满足一下原则:
1) 运用于产品的比较
2)包括产品的整个周期
3)考虑所有的环境因素
4)环境因素尽可能定量化