文档介绍：Unite 1. Unite 1. Soil constituents and properties Soil constituents and properties第一篇第一篇土壤组成和性质土壤组成和性质The soil can be viewed as a three-phase prising solid, liquid and gaseous constituents.?Solid phase— mineral anic materialParent material Vegetation?Liquid phase— soil waterPrecipitation Ground-water?Gaseous phase— soil atmosphere (air)Above-ground atmosphere Respiration of position by volume of a typical position by volume of a typical topsoil岩石风化而来,一般占土壤质量的95%以上,占土壤容积的45%左右。生物残体及腐殖物质组成,一般占土壤质量的5%左右,占土壤容积的5%左右。种类繁多,包括各种昆虫、蠕虫、原生动物、藻类及微生物,特别是微生物数量大、种类多、繁殖快,但站土壤质量和容积的份额很少。外部进入土壤,含有溶解物质,是稀薄的溶液,占土壤容积的0~50%左右。主要有氧气、氮气、二氧化碳和水汽等,占土壤容积的0~50%左右。矿物质有机质生物(活体)水分气体固体部分粒间孔隙土壤组成11. . Soil mineral materialSoil mineral material((土壤矿物质)土壤矿物质)22. . anic anic matter(土壤有机质)(土壤有机质)(土壤生物)(土壤生物) texture and structureSoil texture and structure(土壤质地和结构)(土壤质地和结构) water (moisture)Soil water (moisture)(土壤水)(土壤水) air (atmosphere) and heat regimeSoil air (atmosphere) and heat regime((土壤空气和热量状况)土壤空气和热量状况) Soil mineral material mineral material Soil mineral constituents and Soil mineral constituents and Clay mineral Clay mineral Distribution of soil clay minerals in Distribution of soil clay minerals in China中国土壤粘土矿物分布规律中国土壤粘土矿物分布规律 The mineral fraction of soils is derived largely from weathering of the underlying parent material, which may consist of consolidated bedrock or unconsolidated superficial (火成岩)Sedimentary(沉积岩)Metamorphic(变质岩)DepositRiverine alluvium(河流冲积物)Glacial till (冰积物)Lacustrine clays (湖积粘土) Soil mineral constituents and Soil mineral constituents and position of soil mineral 土壤矿物质的元素组成Mean position in earth crust and soil地壳和土壤的平均化学组成(W%)