文档介绍：第三章土壤生物 anisms
土壤生物活性(biological activity)和肥力直接或间接地与土壤生物有关。土壤生物是土壤具有生命力的主要成分,在土壤形成(soil formation)和发育过程(development process)中起主导作用(the leading effects)。也是评价土壤质量(soil quality)和健康状况(health level)的重要指标之一。
本章重点阐述土壤微生物的多样性及其功能。
anisms are responsible for the bination and biochemical position, and incorporation anic matter. They exhibit tremendous diversity in terms of their numbers, size and morphology, and also vary dramatically in their function, mode of nutrition and environmental tolerance.
Contents
anism diversity 土壤生物多样性
Influenced factors of anism activity 影响土壤微生物活性的环境因素
Formation and distribution of soil microflora 土壤微生物区系的发生和分布
anism activity and its represents 土壤生物活性及表征
第一节土壤生物多样性
anism diversity
按其功能分类 Classification according to their functions
生产者Producers: plants—fix C from atmospheric CO2 during photosynthesis.
消费者Consumers: feed on plants and anisms.
posers (reducers): utilize carbon anic material, returning it to the atmosphere as CO2 and other gaseous by products and mineralizing nutrients to their original ionic form.
寄生者Parasites
一、土壤生物类型的多样性
Diversity of anism species
按其大小和形态分类Classification according to size
anism <
微(原生)植物Microflora < 细菌、放线菌、丝状菌、藻类
原生动物Microfauna < 微小动物
中等动物Mesofauna -2mm
大型动物Macrofauna 2-20mm
巨型动物Megafauna >20mm 蚯蚓
按其形态分类
后生动物(多细胞)
原生动物(单细胞)
微生物
真核微生物:真菌和藻类
原核微生物:细菌、放线菌和蓝细菌
分子生物(无细胞结构,如病毒)
metazoan 后生动物
小的土居性的多细胞动物。
种类:线虫、蠕虫、蚯蚓、蛞蝓、蜗牛、千足虫、蜈蚣、轮虫、蚂蚁、螨、环节动物、蜘蛛和昆虫等
作用:植物残体破碎、混合