文档介绍：被动语态的翻译
英汉两种语言都有被动语态,但由于表达****惯上的差异,英语往往****惯用被动语态来表达,而汉语则用主动语态来表达如:That young man cannot be relied “那位年轻人不可信赖”;或者“我们不能信任那位年轻人”。如果将此句译成汉语的被动句“那位年轻人不可以被信赖”,译文就会显得很别扭,不符合汉语的表达****惯。由此可见,翻译时经常进行语态的转换是十分必要的。英语中被动语态的使用十分广泛,尤其在考研翻译中,这种现象更为多见。相七陡下,汉语被动语态使用的范围要小得多。因此,在英译汉时,。英语被动语态的汉译一般有以下几种方法。
译成汉语主动句
保存原文主语
Water can be changed from a liquid into a solid.
水能从液体变成固体。
When rust is formed , a chemical change has taken place.
当锈形成的时候,就发生了化学变化。
一、译成汉语主动句
主宾颠倒
Heat and light can be given off by this chemical change.
这种化学反应能放出热和光。
Only a small portion of solar energy is now being used by us.
现在我们只能利用一小部分太阳能。
Communication satellites have already been used for living transmission in our country.
我国已将通讯卫星用于实况转播。
The numerical data concerned are provided in the next chapter.
下一章提供了有关的数据资料。
译成汉语主动句
增加主语
She was seen to enter the building about the time the crime mitted.
有人看见她大致在案发时进入了那座建筑物。
What we say here will not be long remembered, but what we do here can change the world.
我们在这里所讲的话,人们不会长久记住。然而我们在这儿所做的事,却能改变世界。
二、译成汉语无主句
Measures have been taken to prevent the epidemic from spreading quickly.
已经采取了措施来防止这种流行病迅速蔓延。
Water can be shown as containing impurities.
可以证明,水含有杂质。
The unpleasant noise must be immediately put an end.
必须全部停止这种讨厌的噪声。
三、译成汉语判断句
The decision to attack was not taken lightly.
进攻的决定不是轻易作出的。
The manuscript was sent to the printer in London a few weeks before the French revolution.
手稿是在法国革命前几周寄往伦敦付印的。
The credit system in America was first adopted by Harvard University in 1872.
美国的学分制是1872年在哈佛大学首先实施的。
四、译成汉语被动句
使用“被、受、遭、让、给、由、把、得到、受到、加以、得以、为...所、由...来”等等。
He had been fired for refusing to obey orders from the head office.
他因拒绝接受总公司的命令而被解雇了。
The schoolboy was knocked down by a minibus when crossing the street.
那名男生在穿过街道时让一辆小公共汽车撞倒了。
For a long period e, most of China’s elderly will continue to be provided for by their families.
在未来较长的一段时间里,中国的老年人仍旧要由家庭来赡养。
五、常用被动句型“It+被动语态+that”的翻译
It is consider