文档介绍：Word Meaning and Semantic Relations
什么是词义
感知sensation+知觉perception+表象representation=概念concept →sign
词的意义
Triangle of significance(词义三角)
Meaning (Concept)
Word
Form
Referent
………….
How do words get meaning?
Words have no meaning, people have meaning for them.
------ Eric Partridge
Conventionality and Motivation
Conventionality
Most English words are conventional, arbitrary symbols. There is no connection between the word form and its meaning.
Conventionality
dom (Russian)
fang zi (Chinese)
maison (French)
house (English)
casa (Spanish)
Arbitrary (任意的): you can use a word to mean any thing, and the thing es the meaning of the word by conventionality.
“What’s in a name? that we call a rose
By any other name would smell as sweet…
Romeo, doff thy name
And for that name, which is not part of thee
Take all myself.”
(Shakespeare,Romeo and Juliet)
“姓名本来是没有意义的;
我们叫做玫瑰的这种花,
要是换了个名字,
它的香味还是同样的芳香……
赔偿你这一个身外的空名。”(根据朱生豪译文)
词的理据
词的意义和形式之间没有必然的联系,它们之间的关系是约定俗成的。(conventionality)
1)毫无联系的隐性词(opaque words)
2)有理据的显性词(transparent words)
所谓词的理据是指词与词义之间的联系,也就是语言符号与客观事物和现实联系的依据。
Motivation(理据)
The majority of English words are non-motivated, since they are arbitrary symbols.
Some English words are motivated symbols. There is some connection between the word form and its meaning.