文档介绍：托福语法笔记
Ⅰ填空部分

1 先找句子的分段点
即①连词和标点符号之间
eg****P112-(1)Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper___into ornament, knives, and other artifacts.
Which was hammering B. which hammered C. was hammered D. hammered
答案:D
(2)In western North America, ____form the Great Divide, which separates the areas from which waters flow either eastward to the Atlantic or westward to the Pacific.
A. the rocky Mountains B. where the Rocky Mountains C. the Rocky Mountains in which D. there are the Rocky Mountains
答案:A
②介词和标点符号
eg****P111-
(1)Over the centuries, ____that try to explain the origins of the university.
although many theories theories C. have many theories been D. there have been many theories
答案:D
(2) In the late 1930’s and early 1940’s, Jacob Lawrence created many paintings____the lives of famous African American activists.
A. portrayed B. portrayed them C. that they portrayed D. that portrayed
答案:D
③分词和标点符号
eg****P111-4
Constituting one of the earliest engineering techniques, ______in Paleolithic time was done in order to extend natural caves.
tunnels were built B. which built tunnels C. the building of tunnels D. tunnels whose building
答案: C
将句子分为几段,选择要看的那部分句子,即只关注与空格相关的那部分句子(主要是空格所在的那部分句子。空格在前,后不看,反之)。
句法:
①简单句: S+V
②并列句: (1)句子;句子。(2)句子,and/or/but/then/yet句子。简化掉没有空格的那部分句子。
③复合句: 主句+从句如Because/when/if +句子,句子。简化掉没有空格的分句。
·步骤实质:将复合句或并列句化为简单句,使得每句话实际上只须读一半即可。
2 简化句子
简化原则:
①副词,冠词,数词可以划掉
②介词短语(即prep.+ n)可以划掉(主句句首除外)
③作定语(即修饰名词)
④句中作状语的分词短语可以划掉
⑤与空格无关的句子可以划掉
⑥插入語或同位語
·两个标点符号之间不能随便划掉。因为这部分句子可能对整句话的逻辑关系起作用
步骤实质:进一步简化句子,找到句子的主干即主谓(任何句子都归结为简单句,而简单句都归结为主谓,因此抓住主谓即可)。
3 分析句子结构,判断空格中所缺句子成分(捷径:可直接套用固定句型或固定结构)。
4 区分四选项,结合句意和语感确定答案。
eg****P112-12 Before the Europeans arrived, American Indians were using virgin copper___into ornament, knives, and other artifacts.
Which was hammering B. which hammered C. was hammered D. hammered
答案:D
(必考)
(一) 插入語結構
主語, _______, 謂語+賓語. S,