文档介绍：Heart Failure (心力衰竭)
Department of Pathophysiology
临床医学(本)、医学检验(本)、医学影像学(本)适用
Clinton
Concept (概念)
Heart failure(pump failure) may be defined as the condition in which the heart is no longer able to pump an adequate supply of blood for the metabolic needs of the body,provided there is adequate veneous blood.
Concept(概念)
Myocardial failure(心肌衰竭) refers to the heart failure which is caused by a defect in myocardium itself. Congestive heart failure(充血性心衰) has a chronic course with an abnormal accumulation of fluid,which results in the expansion of intravascular blood volume
Cardiac insufficiency(心功能不全)
Causes of Heart Failure (心衰的病因)
Dysfunction of myocardium (心肌结构破坏) diffuse myocardial damage: myocardial infarction;cardiopathies; myocarditi; myocardial ischemia and hypoxia: coronary heart disease;severe anemia;hypotension;shock;myocardial hypertrophy;vitamin B1 deficiency
Causes of Heart failure(心衰的病因)
Overload for myocardium (心脏负荷过重) Pressure overload(afterload): systemic hypertension;pulmonary hypertension;aortic stenosis;pulmonary stenosis; Volume overload(preload): mitral and aortic regurgitation for left ventricles;tricuspid and pulmonary regurgitation for right ventricles
Causes of heart failure (心衰的病因)
Conditions that restrict ventricular filling (心室充盈受限) mitral stenosis,constrictive pericarditis, restrictive cardiomyopathy
Precipitating factors (诱因)
Infection
arrhythmias
pulmonary embolism
pregnancy
water,eletrolytes disturbances
acid-base disturbances
emotion
Infection
fever
tachycardia
hypoxia
toxinemia
Increased demands