文档介绍：Natural Language Processing
According to research at an Elingsh uinervtisy, it deosn’t mttaer in what oredr the ltteers in a wrod are, the olny iprmoetnt tihng is that the frist and lsat ltteer are in the rghit pclae. The rset can be a toatl mses and you can sitll raed it wouthit a porbelm. Tihs is bcuseae we do not raed ervey lteter by islelf but the wrod as a wlohe. Ceehiro. That’ll sutff the splelchekcer.
(Exert from Sideswipe NZ Herald 22/09/03)
1970s Example: SHRDLU
Person: PICK UP A BIG RED BLOCK.
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: GRASP THE PYRAMID.
Computer: I DON'T UNDERSTAND WHICH
PYRAMID YOU MEAN.
Person: FIND A BLOCK WHICH IS TALLER
THAN THE ONE YOU ARE HOLDING
AND PUT IT INTO THE BOX.
Computer: BY "IT", I ASSUME YOU MEAN THE BLOCK WHICH IS TALLER THAN THE ONE I AM HOLDING.
Computer: OK. (does it)
Person: WHAT DOES THE BOX CONTAIN?
Computer: THE BLUE PYRAMID AND THE BLUE BLOCK.
Person: WHAT IS THE PYRAMID SUPPORTED BY?
Computer: THE BOX.
Person: HOW MANY BLOCKS ARE NOT
IN THE BOX?
Computer: FOUR OF THEM.
Person: IS AT LEAST ONE OF THEM
NARROWER THAN THE ONE WHICH
I TOLD YOU TO PICK UP?
Computer: YES, THE RED CUBE.
Terry Winograd. 1971.
MIT . Thesis.
Terry Winograd
Pomegranade
Natural language processing (NLP) Human Language Technology (HLT), Natural Language Engineering (NLE)
is considered a sub-field of artificial intelligence and has significant overlap with the field putational linguistics. It is concerned with the interactions puters and human (natural) languages.
Natural language generation systems convert information puter databases into readable human language.
Natural language understanding systems convert human language into representations that are easier puter programs to manipulate.
The term natural language is used to distinguish human languages (. English, Persian, Swedish) from formal puter languages (. C++, Prolog).
NLP passes both text and speech, but work on speech processing has evolved into