文档介绍：The Bones of Limbs
郧阳医学院解剖教研室
张良
目的与要求
、自由上肢骨、下肢带骨、自由下肢骨的位置和形态及上、下肢骨的重要体表标志。
、掌骨、指骨及跗骨、跖骨、趾骨的位置和排列。
Bones of upper limbs
Composition:
Shoulder girdle 上肢带骨clavicle锁骨,scapula肩胛骨
Bones of free upper limb
自由上肢骨
Humerus肱骨 in arm
Radius桡骨 and ulna尺骨 in forearm
Carpal腕骨, metacarpals掌骨 and phalanges指骨 in hand
Clavicle 锁骨
Sternal end胸骨端 medially and acromial end肩峰端 laterally
“S” shaped, medial 2/3 convex forward and lateral 1/3 convex backward
Scapula 肩胛骨
Three borders
Superior: scapular notch 肩胛切迹coracoid process 喙突,
Lateral (axillary) border腋缘
Medial (vertebral) border脊柱缘
Scapula 肩胛骨
Three angles
Superior: opposite to the 2nd rib
Inferior: opposite to the 7th rib
Lateral: glenoid cavity关节盂,
Scapula 肩胛骨
Two surfaces
Anterior surface concave:
subscapular fossa肩胛下窝
Posterior surface: supraspinous fossa and infraspinous fossae冈上、下窝, spine of scapula 肩胛冈, acromion 肩峰
Humerus 肱骨
Upper end: head of humerus肱骨头, anatomical neck解剖颈, greater and lesser tubercles大、小结节, surgical neck外科颈
Shaft: deltoid tuberosity三角肌粗隆on lateral surface, and a groove for radial nerve桡神经沟 on posterior surface
Humerus 肱骨
Lower end: capitulum 肱骨小头, trochlea 肱骨滑车, coranoid fossa 冠突窝and radial fossa 桡窝(anteriorly) and olecranon fossa鹰嘴窝(posteriorly), lateral and medial epicondyles内、外上髁, and sulcus for ulnar nerve 尺神经沟