文档介绍：组织胚胎学课件 七年制英文医学班专用
中国医科大学
基础医学院
组胚—英文教学组
Chapter 23 Development of the face, neck and limbs
1. Development of branchial apparatus
* branchial apparatus: including branchial arch, branchial groove, branchial membrane and branchial pouch
---by the 4th week,
---frontonasal prominence: mesenchymal proliferation of ventral surface of brain vesicle
---heart prominence: development of heart
---primitive pharynx: cranial part of the foregut
---branchial or pharyngeal arch:
/proliferation of mesenchyma of primitive pharynx
/6 pairs
---branchial groove: the depressions between branchial arch
---branchial pouch:
/outpocketings of endoderm of primitive pharynx
/opposed to branchial groove
---branchial membrane: the thin membrane between branchial groove and branchial pouch
2. Formation of face
---five elevations
/frontonasal prominence
/maxillary prominence: paired, upper branches of first branchial arch
/mandibular prominence: paired, lower branches of first branchial arch
---stomodeum
/the depression between five elevations
/opposed to primitive pharynx by opharyngeal membrane, will break down, then municates with the foregut
---nasal placode: by the 5th week, thickening of ectoderm of lower part of frontonasal prominence
---nasal pit: depressions in nasal placode
---median nasal prominence and lateral nasal prominence: proliferation of mesenchyme at the margins of the nasal placodes