文档介绍：哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文
摘要
近年来,伴随着农业发展,对农药产生过度依赖,水源水中检测出多种农药
类内分泌干扰物,其化学性质稳定、半衰期长、难被生物降解,尤其在发生突发
农药类内分泌干扰物污染时,由于常规处理工艺对其去除效果甚微,故通过市政
管网进入用户后,将对人类健康造成威胁。
本文采用活性炭吸附技术作为应急处理技术。通过小试试验,研究粉末活性
炭(PAC)对 2,4-D、呋喃丹、莠去津、甲萘威四种常见农药类内分泌干扰物的
吸附性能。试验结果表明,吸附 60 分钟后基本达到吸附平衡,去除率可达到 90%
左右;对四种污染物的吸附动力学模型的研究表明,Lagergren 二级速率方程的
拟合程度要好于 Lagergren 一级速率方程,PAC 吸附过程主要发生在吸附反应阶
段;在吸附容量试验中发现,Freundlich 吸附等温式的拟合度最好,可以通过其
吸附等温式,计算出 PAC 理论投加量。此外,还研究了 PAC 投加量、污染物初
始浓度、水质等对其吸附性能的影响,在污染物浓度较高时,可以选择增大 PAC
的投加量、延长吸附时间、降低本底有机物量的方式增大去除效果。
以滦河水为水源水,在移动式应急处理导试水厂中,研究以 PAC 吸附技术
为主的工艺在去除 2,4-D、呋喃丹中的应用。文章对比了常规工艺、PAC+常规工
艺下污染物去除效果,以及 PAC 投加位置、混凝剂种类、混凝剂投加量等各参
数对去除效果的影响,结果表明常规工艺去除效果不佳,PAC 投加位置应选在混
凝前,混凝剂应选择聚合氯化铝。通过试验还确定了水源水中 2,4-D、呋喃丹不
同超标倍数下的最佳 PAC 投加量。单独投加 KMnO4 与 KMnO4+PAC 联用技术的
研究结果表明,单独投加 KMnO4,对 2,4-D、呋喃丹去除效果不明显,当与 PAC
联用时,与 PAC 单独投加的去除效果相差不大,没有表现出促进作用;因此针
对 2,4-D、呋喃丹,试图通过投加 KMnO4 来减少 PAC 投加量的方法是不可取的。

关键词:农药类内分泌干扰物;突发应急处理;粉末活性炭

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哈尔滨工业大学硕士学位论文
Abstract
In recent years, as agricultural development there are more and more dependence
on pesticides. As a result, many kinds of pesticide Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals
(EDCs) have been detected in source water for drinking water supply. These
pesticides have stable chemical properties, with longer half-life period and hardly
biodegradation. Especially in case of incidents of pesticides EDCs contamination,
they may threat to human health due to the fact that it is not effective for conventional
water treatment processes to remove them.
In this paper, the adsorption technology using powdered activated carbon (PAC)
was applied as an emergency treatment to remove pesticide EDCs from source water.
Adsorption performances of PAC on mon pesticides (2,4-D、furadan、
atrazine、carbaryl) were studied by small-scale tests. The results showed that
adsorption equilibrium of the PAC could be reached 60 min later, and about 90 % of
removal efficiency could be achieved in deionized water.
The study on adsorption ics of