文档介绍：Lecture Six
非谓语动词
Non-finite Verbs
本讲主要内容:
一、非谓语动词的分类、特征
二、非谓语动词的时态和语态
三、非谓语动词充当的句子成分
四、补充知识点
非谓语动词概述
英语中,动词具有两种形式:
动词的谓语形式必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,受主语的限定,因此又被称为动词的限定形式(Finite Forms of Verbs)。
非谓语形式不受主语的限制,因此又被称为动词的非限定形式(Non-finite Forms of Verbs)。
确切地讲,非谓语动词实际上指动词的非谓语形式。
动词的非谓语形式有三种:
(The Infinitive),由to +动词原形构成,to 为不定式符号,并无实际意义。
(The Gerund),由动词+ing构成。
(The Participle)
1)现在分词(The Present Participle),由动词+ing构成
2)过去分词(The Past Participle),由动词+ed构成。
非谓语动词具有以下特征:
非谓语动词可以做主语、宾语等多种句子成分,但唯独不能做谓语。
非谓语动词具有各种形态:原形、主动语态、被动语态、进行时态和完成时态。
非谓语动词具有动词的功能,如可以有自己的宾语,但不具有语法上的动词性质,如没有人称和数的变化。
Growing flowers is my hobby.
Thank you for helping us.
I hope to see you again.
使用非谓语动词的条件:
在一个句子中,已经存在一个谓语动词,而又没有连词的情况下,其他的动词就需要使用非谓语形式。
She got off the bus, _______(leave)her handbag on her seat.
She got off the bus, but _____ (leave) her handbag on her seat.
leaving
left
不定式的时态和语态
不定式
主动态
被动态
一般式
完成式
进行式
完成进行式
to do
to be done
to have done
to have been
done
to be doing
无
to have been doing
无
1. 不定式的动作与谓语动词同时发生时,用一般式。
He wanted to see you.
2. 强调不定式的动作在谓语动词之前发生时,用完成形式。
He is said to have written a novel.
3. 强调不定式的动作正在进行时,用不定式的进行形式。
When I came in, he pretended to be reading a book.
4. 当不定式的逻辑主语是不定式动作的承受者时,用被动语态。
It is an honor for me to be asked to speak here.
The book is said to have been translated into English.
动名词的时态和语态
动名词
主动态
被动态
一般式
完成式
doing
being done
having done
having been
done
。
We are interested in climbing mountains.
I prefer singing to dancing.
,要用完成形式。
He was praised for having passed the exam .
,也要用完成形式。
He is proud of having been sent to work in Tibet .
,这个动名词要用被动形式。
He remembered being taken to Beijing when he was a child.