文档介绍：Greek Thought: From Myth to Reason
Philosophy
----underlying the seeming chaos of nature were principles of order; general laws can be achieved by the human mind
1. The cosmologists: a rational inquiry into nature
(1) Thales (624-548 . )
----water: the basic element
----omitted the gods from his
explanation of the origin of nature
----first person to predict an eclipse
of the sun
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(2) Anaximander (611-547 . )
----Boundless
----matter philosopher
(3) Pythagoras (580-507 . )
----mathematical relationship
----shift of emphasis:
matter form
sense perception logic of mathematics
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(4) Parmenides (515-450 . )
----the founder of formal logic
----reality/cosmos: one, eternal,
unchanging
----sense & experience mind & reason
----influenced Plato and the foundation of metaphysics
----religious implications
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(5) Democritus (460-370 . )
----universe: empty space & atoms
----mechanical principles
Ionians: natural explanation for physical occurrences
Pythagoras: the mathematical order of nature
Parmenides: logical proof
Democritus: the mechanical structure of the universe
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pushed thought in a new direction
made possible the theoretical thinking and the
systematization of knowledge
(7) Hippocrates (460-377 . )
----Greek physician
----record classify predict
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2. The sophists: a rational investigation of human society
(1) the world of nature people and society
(2) professional teachers
(3) philosophical relativism
----no truth is universally valid
“ Man is the measure of
all things.”
----Protagoras
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(4) Merits and demerits
merits:----examine political and ethical problems
----cultivate the minds of their students
----invented formal sec