文档介绍：定语从句
一、三个概念
:用来修饰某个名词、代词或整个句子的从句就叫做定语从句。
:定语从句所修饰的词就叫做先行词,它一般是由名词、代词或句子充当。
:引导定语从句的词就叫做关系词。关系词用以连接先行词与定语从句,关系词既有替代先行词的作用,又在从句中充当着一个成分。
例:The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old.
先行词关系词定语从句
Anyone that is willing to help others is e to our group.
先行词
定语从句
关系词
二、要点
(有时可省略)
三、关系词的用法
关系代词: who/whom/that/which/whose
,关系代词用who/whom/that.
(1) who/that表主格:
The girl who /that is drawing is Jim’s sister.
The man who/that lives next door is friendly.
(2) whom/that表宾格(who可用于口语中)可省略:
The boy (whom/that) we talked about e.
He is the man (whom/that) we saw yesterday.
,关系代词用which/that.
(1) which/that表主格:
A plane is a machine which / that can fly.
Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle.
(2) which/that表宾格,可省略:
The car (which /that) he bought was a second-hand one.
The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful.
:表所有格,先行词既可以是人,也可以是物
The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.
The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.
关系副词:when/where/why
关系副词可替代的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语
关系副词=介词+关系代词
why=for which
where=in/ at/ on/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
when=during/ on/ in/ ... which (介词同先行词搭配)
1. when: 指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。
例:This was the time when he arrived.
I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star.
2. where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。
例:This is the factory where he works.
Nanjing is the place where I was born.
3. why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。
例:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.
Is this the reason why he refused our offer?
注意:关系副词when, where, why, 的含义相当于“介词+which”结构,因此常常和“介词+which“结构交替使用。
例:I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】
Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】
Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?【why】
四、关系代词that的特殊用法
只用that 的情况
,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.
例如:He was the fir