文档介绍：太阳能跟踪系统设计
摘要
太阳能作为一种可以永续使用的绿色可再生能源,有着巨大的开发应用潜力。但由于光伏电池的输出特性与外界环境因素的变化有很大关系,目前大规模量产的光伏电池光电转换效率仍然不高且价格昂贵。光伏发电自动跟踪装置是提高太阳能利用率,降低光伏发电成本的有效途径。研究精确的太阳跟踪装置,可使光伏电池板接收到更多的太阳辐射能量,增加发电量。本文实现了用廉价的光敏元件和单片机电路进行太阳跟踪的功能。
分析了太阳运行规律,在对比目前常用跟踪方法的基础上,改进了以往的跟踪方式。提出将光电跟踪作为主要跟踪方式,视日运动轨迹跟踪方式作为特殊天气情况下补充跟踪方式的方案。通过两种跟踪方式互补,一方面可以充分发挥光电跟踪准确性高的优势,另一方面在阴天等天气条件下仍能实现跟踪。此外,为了确保跟踪的结果准确,在方位角和高度角调整之后,增加了一组传感器电路进行跟踪结果的验证。
通过对控制系统所实现的功能分析,论文完成了跟踪系统的硬件和软件设计。主要内容包括:单片机接口电路设计、光强检测电路设计、控制执行部件设计以及光电跟踪和视日运动轨迹跟踪模块的软件设计。完成了跟踪系统试验装置的制作。
本文所设计的光伏发电自动跟踪系统结构简单,成本低廉,运行稳定,可广泛应用于并网和离网光伏发电系统。
关键词光伏发电,单片机,光强检测,自动跟踪
Abstract
The solar energy has ail enormous developing application capacity as one kind of green renewable energy source which Call be continuously used there is tremendous relationship between photovoltalc cells output characteristies and the change of external environmental factors,currently the efficiency of PV cells is not only low but also expensive on a large scale of photovoltaic automatically tracking device can raise the solar energy utilization rate and bring down the cost of the solar electrical energy solar tracking mechanism can make solar panel receive more radiant energy and increase generating paper makes to realize the function of sun of cheap photo sensors and MCU circuit.
Analyzed the law of the sun, compared the current tracking methods,and improved the previous tracking electro opticaltracking as the major tracking mode while the sun trajectory tracking mode as additional tracking mode on unusual weather plementary tracking modes,on the one hand,electro-optical tracking can give play to the advantages of high accuracy;on the other hand,the system can still achieve tracking on cloudy weather addition,In order to guarantee that the track result is azimuth and elevation angle adjustment,increased a group of sensor electric circuit to CatTy on the track