文档介绍：非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词的句法作用一览表
非谓语动词:
是指不能作谓语的动词,也不受主语人称和数的限制,但具有动词的某些特征,不仅可以接宾语, 而且还有时态护和语态的变化。
非谓语动词分为三种形式:
不定式,动名词,和分词(分词包括现在分词和过去分词)。
动词不定式:一般用来表示目的或结果,或者某个具体的动作。
To master a foreign language is very important.
动名词/ V-ing:一般用来表示动作的主动概念和进行意义。 Collecting stamps is a good hobby.
Not knowing this, he didn’.
过去分词 V-ed: 一般用来表示动作的被动概念和完成意义。
Unless invited to speak, you should remain silent at the meeting.
1)不定式
时态\语态主动被动
一般式 to do to be done
完成式 to have done to have been done
2)动名词
时态\语态主动被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
3)分词
时态\语态主动被动
一般式 doing being done
完成式 having done having been done
否定形式:not +不定式,not + 动名词
not + 现在分词
句子成分
不定式
动名词
分词
主语
√
√
宾
语
直接宾语
√
√
短语动词宾语
√
√
宾语补语
√
√
√
介词宾语
√
形容词宾语
√
√
表语
√
√
√
定语
√
√
√
状语
√
√
插入语
√
√
不定式和动名词作主语、表语的区别
不定式示比较具体的意义,经常和特定的动作和执行者联系起来,经常带时间或地点状语,有时表示将要发生的动作。
动名词表求比较抽象(泛指)和经常性的意义,一般不涉及到具体的人或不指具体某一次的动作。有时也可同不定式互换。
用不定式或动名词填空:
1. _________(solve) this problem is out of the question (impossible).
2. ______(collect) stamps is a good hobby.
To solve
Collecting
3. It's a waste of time _____(do) this.
doing
不定式和动名词短语作主语时,常见的一种形式是在句首用先行代词it作形式主语面将不定式和动名词短语移至谓语之后作真实主语。如 It makes us excited to think about that.
4. What I wanted to do is _____(write) it down.
write
(be前有do的某种形式时,be后的不定式省略to)
5. What I like best is ________(swim) in the sea.
swimming
(泛指而不指具体某一次的动作)
有时不定式与动名词可以互换:
Our duty is serving the people. Our duty is to serve the people.
To see is to believe.
Seeing is believing.
(注意前后形式的一致)
思考: Seeing is to believe. 不妥,为什么?
应为:
2. 不定式和动名词作宾语
有些动词后面必须跟不定式作宾语,常见的:afford, agree, aim, apply, arrange, ask, choose, claim, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, hope, learn, manage, offer, pretend, promise, refuse, seek, swear, threaten, wish
At six o’clock in the evening , when a cat ran through a truck it narrowly escaped ____ over.
B. to be fun
C. from running D. being ran
(2)有些动词后面必须跟动名词作宾语,常见的:admit (承认), acknowledge(承认), advi